1864.] DR. £. CRISP ON THE ANATOMY OF THE GIRAFFE. 65 
weight to that of the adult. Its eye, too, weighed 400 grains; the 
erystalline lens 35 grains (a large visual organ for so young an animal) ; 
the thyroids weighed 350 grains ; and the salivary glands 1174 grains. 
The urinary bladder held 23 pints of fluid. In the young male the 
tongue measured 1 foot 10 inches in length, and the trachea and 
bronchi contained more than 200 rings. Valves were present in the 
abdominal veins of the two last-named animals, including the renal 
and splenic ; they were only seen in the splenic vein of the old Giraffe, 
the other abdominal veins not having been examined. 
It is well known that the Giraffe has been variously classed by 
different writers, Illiger and Swainson placing it with the Camels ; 
others think that it is more nearly allied to the Deer; some place it 
with the Antelopes; whilst Dr. Gray, I believe, makes it a distinct 
family. 
As has been mentioned often at this Society, Professor Owen 
found a double gall-bladder in one of his specimens, whilst in all 
others it has been stated to have been absent ; but I find another in- 
stance where a gall-bladder was found in a Giraffe, related by Gordon, 
in the supplement to the 7th volume of Buffon. Professor Owen 
thinks that the occasional presence of a gall-bladder is the best evi- 
dence of the affinity to the Antelopes; but, as I have stated in my 
paper on the gall-bladder, the oft-made assertion that the solid-horned 
ruminants (Deer) have no gall-bladder is not to be depended upon. 
There is one feature (hitherto, I believe, unnoticed) that separates 
this animal entirely from the Camelide, viz. the form of the blood- 
corpuscles ; and the more the anatomy of the Giraffe is investigated, 
the more aberrant it appears. 
MM. Joly and Lavocat, before quoted (1846), state that in the 
Giraffe that they inspected they found seven or eight cavities, which 
appeared to be furnished with glandular crypts, at the origin of the 
duodenum. I believe these crypts had not been before noticed, and 
I omitted to look for them. 
I have mentioned the subject of classification because the recent 
discovery of Dr. Cobbold of sacculated glands and pouches in the 
small intestine and czecum, some of which he has compared to water- 
reservoirs, may lead to the inference that the affinity to the Camelide 
is greater than was formerly supposed ; but as the matter is import- 
ant, I quote Dr. Cobbold’s own words from the Supplement to 
Todd’s Cyclopedia, page 539 :—“ The intestinal glands in Rumi- 
nantia generally do not offer any deviation worthy of notice; in the 
Giraffe, however, we have discovered a curious exception to this rule, 
arising out of the presence of certain pouch-like folds in connexion 
with the glandule agminate, and in particular with a very remark- 
able extension of the last Peyerian patch beyond the ileo-colic open- 
ing. Probably more than one-half of the entire series of agminated 
follicles exhibited this peculiarity ; but, in consequence of our having 
retained only some 6 or 8 feet of the gut for minute examination, we 
are not in a position to state with accuracy either the total number 
or precise localization of all the glands (four of which were found) 
presenting this anomaly. In the small intestines the fold consists 
Proc. Zoou, Soc.—1864, No. V. 
