— SS = =” 
1864. ] DR. J. E. GRAY ON THE CHAMHLEONID. 467 
and C. brookesii; and Bradypodium of C. pardalis, C. verrucosus, 
C. pumilus, and C. cucullatus. The species are not characterized, 
except by the synonyms appended. It appears that he divides C. 
vulgaris into four, and C. senegalensis into two species. 
The species have hitherto, except in the instance of Fitzinger 
above cited, all been referred to a single genus, in which they have 
been generally arranged in an artificial manner, merely to facilitate 
the finding of their names. 
The species throw themselves into groups agreeing in natural 
characters: these groups are quite as distinct as the groups in the 
other families, which are regarded as genera; I have therefore so re- 
garded them. If a comparison of genera of different families is to 
be established, and their affinities to each other studied, the genera 
in the different families should be formed on the same plan. 
The Chameleons are essentially confined to Africa and the islands 
near to that continent. Thus, as far as we at present know, the fol- 
lowing species, Chameleon calyptratus, CO. verrucosus, C. balteatus, 
Apola lateralis, Calumma cucullata, Crassonota nasuta, Sauroceras 
rhinoceratum, Dicranosaura bifurca, and D. parsonii, are confined to 
Madagascar; Cyneosaura pardalis to the Isle of Bourbon; Lopho- 
saura tigris to the Seychelles; C. burchelli, Pterosaura cristata, 
and Triceras owenii to Fernando Po and perhaps Old Calabar ; 
C. gracilis to West Africa—Liberia; C. petersii to Mozambique ; 
Ensirostris melleri to Eastern Africa; C. auratus to Arabia; C. 
granulosus, Brookesia superciliaris, and C. senegalensis to W. Africa ; 
C. levigatus to Central Africa; C. afinis to Abyssinia; Phuma- 
nola namaquensis to South-east Africa; Lophosaura pumila and L. 
ventralis to South Africa. C. dilepis is common to the west and 
south-east coast of Africa; while C. vulgaris is distributed over 
North and South Africa, Asia Minor, India, and Singapore. 
Fam. CHAMELEONID&, Gray, Cat, Lizards Brit. Mus. 264 (1845). 
CuHaMZtEON, Gronovius, Fitz. 
Synopsis of the Genera. 
A. The nose and orbit simple, not horned. 
1. Cuamaxron. Back and belly with a series of compressed elon- 
gated scales. 
2. Apouta. Back-edge broad, with two series of minute scales; 
belly dentated. 
3. Prerosaurus. Back and tail with a high fin, supported by 
bony rays, smooth-edged ; belly dentated. 
4. Microsaura. Back and chin crested; occiput keeled, com- 
pressed ; sides smooth, divided into two square disks. 
5. PHumanora. Back rounded, with a series of large bony tuber- 
cles covered with scales. 
