1864.] DR. J. KIRK ON THE MAMMALS OF ZAMBESIA. 655 
guns have not penetrated, the Elephant is still found in large num- 
bers: as many as 800 were seen by us at one time, nor did they move 
off as we approached : yet that day’s experience was sufficient ; they 
never again allowed us such a chance. The food of the Elephant 
consists of leaves and bark of trees, palm-fruits, both Borassus and 
Hyphene, and all sweet fruits, as Sideroxylon, Parinarium, Cordyle, 
and Sclerocarya. On one occasion only have I known the Elephant 
eat grass. 
Measurements of male Elephant killed on Lake Nyassa, 9th of 
September, 1861 :— 
ft.. in. 
Higtolrt-at, withers xs:0/</a ante dia hid gieincns easiness << Olay aa 
Circumference of fore foot........0...-+-2:06+. ODO 1 
From tip of trunk to crown of head............ 9 O 
From crown of head to insertion of tail ........ 12 0O 
Bioeth of tail) oases Gp bes 4 diseases 4 2 
Horizontal diameter of ear .............. 0088 <a ah) 
Perpendicalar-diameterOf CaF 60... «co secdver~s, 19. 9 
Nemicireumferenee of belly. «iss.s.. 0 fi7o82 a 9% 0 
Semicircumference of chest ............ 00005 7 10 
Each tusk weighed about 30 lb. 
Measurements of young cow with foetus in utero (on the chest 
there still remained a good deal of hair), shot in Elephant Marsh, 
River Shiré :— 
fh. melts 
PiciahitiiaG weiter oes Se he tales sao ep oes 6 9 
Circumference of fore foot..........0..eeeeees By 
Perpendicular diameter of external ear...... ... 4 44 
The tusks weighed 8 lbs each. 
44, RHINOCEROS AFRICANUS. 
In Sechuana named “ Borile,”’ or, more fully, ‘‘ Chukuri e borile,’’ 
“‘the sour Rhinoceros”; at Sena, “ Phuete;” at Tete, “ Shi-pem- 
bere.” Seen on the Zambesi at Sena, in the Batoka country, and 
in the forest near the Kafue ; on the Shiré, at Moramballa. 
Its food consists of leaves and twigs of trees. It frequents forest 
and bush country, avoiding grass plains. Without questioning the 
justice of separating the Keitloa of Smith from the common Black 
int i alae Iam not prepared to say which species it was we met 
with. 
The White Rhinoceros is unknown on the Zambesi. The food of 
the Rhinoceros consists of twigs and leaves of trees. 
45. HirropoTraMUS AMPHIBIUS. 
In Sechuana named “ Kubu’”; at Tete and Sena, “Mvu’’; at 
Quilimane and amongst the Achawa, “'Tomondo.”” Common to all 
lakes and rivers. On the coast it goes to sea, and plays among the 
surf. On Nyassa a full-grown male measured 14 feet from snout to 
tip of tail, and stood 3 feet 6 inches at the withers. On the Zam- 
