1864. ] DR. J. E. GRAY ON THE URSIDE. 681 
Ours blanc, Buffon, H. N. xv. 128; Suppl. iii. 200, t. 34. 
Ours polaire, Cuv. Ménag. Mus. ; Oss. Foss. iv. t. 20. f. 4, t. 21. 
4 
Pater Bear, Penn. Syn. 192, t. 20. f. 1; Shaw, Zool. i. 257, 
t. 105. 
Hab. Arctic Seas of Europe, Asia, and America; Japan (Siedold). 
Si thee 7 fe se al Spe [eed eb See 
ae3| ed |ad|a2/a2|e 22/22 | 23 
fees BES) BE |Sa/SS|ee|Sa|sa| PS | Se 
HBA IE IE JES AES | 
| — — 
in. Lin, Lin, Lim. Lin. Lin. Llin, Lin, Lin. 1 
PNG PACUtiimcnnetsaesas sess 1 2/15 319 68 74 O7 92 74 92 2 
BeWdey MOUNIE™ occseseat osec=s 1 O}12 68 O2 93 O06 62 O81l1 9 
221 h, Young .........00000. 1 O12 67 O02 82 116 7/2 38 91 6 
i 
B. Land-Bears. Soles of the feet bald, callous. Cutting-teeth 6/6. 
Ears rounded, hairy. Lips slightly extensile. Nostrils oval, 
with a moderate lid. Underside of the base of the toes hairy. 
The upper tubercular grinder elongate. 
2. Ursus. Carrion-Bear. 
Head elongate. Ears rounded, hairy. Nose rather produced, 
compressed. Forehead rounded. Nostrils ovate, covered with a 
moderate lid. The underside of the base of the toes covered with 
hair, making an hairy band between the toe-pads and the soles of 
the feet. Nose of the skull produced, as wide or wider than the fore- 
head between the orbits, rounded above, separated from the more or 
less convex forehead by a cross line, which is less distinct as the 
animal becomes aged. Front false grinders small, far apart: binder 
tubercular grinder large, elongate, larger than the flesh-tooth. Pa- 
late flat or slightly concave. The aperture of the hinder nostrils 
with the sides longer than the width of the front edge. The aper- 
ture for the blood-vessel to the palate is behind the front edge of 
the tubercular grinder. 
Middendort, in his ‘ Mammalia of North and East Siberia,’ 
has a very long essay on the Bears. He regards the species found 
in Europe and Northern Asia and the Grizzly Bear of North Ame- 
rica as varieties of Ursus arctos. He enters into a minute exami- 
nation and comparison of the external and osteological characters, 
and gives most minute measurements, in elaborate tables, to support 
this conclusion ; but I think that his not having been able to distin- 
guish the Ant- from the Carrion-Bear (and he figures a skull of each 
as a subvariety of Ursus arctos, var. beringiana) must make one 
cautious in accepting his theory without more examination. 
Von Schrenck, in his ‘ Amurland,’ says that the size of the tuber- 
cular grinder varies in the Bears of North Asia; but I suspect 
he also has combined the Carrion-Bear and the Ant-Bear into one 
species. 
