154 MR. A. H. GARROD ON THE [ Mar. 2, 
the Fuliguline affinities of the genus ; and the trachea presents points 
of superficial similarity to that of the last-described bird, Sarev- 
diornis melanota, as will be seen by a comparison of the accompany- 
ing drawings (figs. 1-5) of the lower portion of the windpipes in 
the two. In the female (fig. 3) there is no lateral diverticulum, the 
syrinx being simple. ‘The lower end of the trachea is hardly con- 
tracted at all. There is, however, a slight thinning of the anterior 
portions of some of the inferior tracheal rings, as in the female of 
Sarcidiornis melanota, though to a less extent—a small, transverse, 
anterior fenestra being the result. In the Rhodonessa the syrinx 
proper is nevertheless differently constructed, the last five or six 
tracheal rings being consolidated together, the fenestration being 
situated higher up ; whilst in the Sarcidiornis the fenestration of the 
unanchylosed rings continues as low down as the bronchial bifurca- 
tion (vide figs. 3, 4, & 5). 
In the male Rhodonessa caryophyllacea (figs. 4 & 5) the lower 
portion of the trachea is less capacious than a little higher up, where 
a slight fusiform dilatation occurs. Above the large syringeal box 
there are in front 15 transverse fenestree formed between the thinned 
tracheal rings, as in the Sarcidiornis and Harelda. Below them the 
syrinx is formed by a considerable dilatation in two directions—one 
to the left, which is the larger and has semimembranous walls ; 
the other slightly to the right, inferior in position to the former. 
This latter is simply osseous, no fenestree being present in it; it 
intrudes upon the right side as well as the left in front. The last 12 
or so tracheal rings are considerably dilated and co-ossified, the two 
above-mentioned compartments being connected with the cavity 
formed by their fusion through a single left-sided orifice, the left 
bronchus springing from the membraniform cavity. 
The czeca are not quite equal in size, being 24 and 1? inches long ; 
the whole intestine measured 4 feet. 
3. Metop1ana PEeposaCa (Vieill.): Sclater, Rev. Cat. Vert. p. 255. 
Of this bird Mr. Sclater mentions* that ‘it has a large bulbous 
expansion in the windpipe.”” This I have found in all the male 
specimens which I have examined. Its distance above the bifurea- 
tion of the bronchi is best estimated from the accompanying sketch 
(fig. 6, p. 155) which is of the natural size. A similar tracheal dila- 
tation is to be observed in the male of Melanitta fusca, that in Clan- 
gula histrioniea being much less considerable. Ina male, purchased 
on the 6th of July, 1870, which died on the 7th of January last, the 
syringeal box (see figs. 6 & 7) is constructed on the same type as in 
Fuligula rufina and F. ferina, being mostly composed of membrane, 
with an intersecting, oblique, simple osseous bar running across near 
the upper margin of its outer side. There is also some dilatation of 
the consolidated rings which go to form the lower portion of the 
trachea; this is to be observed on both the right and left sides, the 
box being connected with the latter only. In the female no box is 
developed. The trachea narrows slightly above the syringeal box. 
* P.Z. 8. 1868, p. 146. 
