1875. | PROF. W. H. FLOWER ON THE MUSK-DEER. 159 
1. On the Structure and Affinities of the Musk-Deer 
(Moschus moschiferus, Linn.). By Witi1am Henry 
Fiower, F.R.S., V.P.Z.S., &c. 
[Received March 16, 1875.] 
Almost all our knowledge of the visceral anatomy of the Musk- 
Deer is derived from Pallas*. It is nearly a century since his clas- 
sical work was published ; and it does not appear that any other anato- 
mist has had an opportunity of dissecting an animal of the species, 
the subject which furnished the material for the following notes having 
been the first which has ever been brought alive to Europe. Its 
arrival in the Society’s Menagerie was thus announced by our Secre- 
tary in the ‘ Proceedings’ for May 13th, 1869 :— ; 
“A female Musk (Moschus moschiferus), presented by Major 
F. R. Pollock +, Commissioner at Peshawur, and most carefully con- 
veyed to this country by Lieut. C. H. T. Marshall, F.Z.S., from 
whom it was received March 31st. This animal had been captured 
in June 1867, in the hills of Cashmere, by Major Delmé Radcliffe, of 
the 88th Regiment, who shot both the parents, and brought it when 
quite a kid to Peshawur. It was now about two years old, and was 
believed to be the only Musk ever brought to Europe alive.” 
A very good figure, drawn from the living animal in a character- 
istic attitude, appeared in the ‘Illustrated London News’ for April 
24th, 1869. I call particular attention to this, as all other published 
figures of the Musk-Deer appear to have been taken from skins or 
stuffed specimens, and give but an indifferent idea of the general ex- 
ternal appearance of the animal. 
It unfortunately died on October 27th of the same year, of pleuro- 
pneumonia and acute peritonitis, being then rather more than two and 
ahalf years old. All the permanent teeth were in place and the epi- 
physes of the long bones completely united, though those on the 
bodies of some of the dorsal vertebree and on the pelvis were still 
separable. 
The animal measured from the tip of the nose to the root of the 
tail 33 inches, and (being in an extreme state of emaciation) weighed 
14]bs. 80z.f 
External Characters. 
Under this heading I have only thought necessary to record such 
characters as are not readily observed in mounted skins of the animal, 
which are now tolerably abundant in museums. 
* Spicilegia Zoologica, fasciculus xiii (1779). 
t+ Now Sir Richard Pollock, K.C.S.I. 
{ Since the greater part of the following description was written, a male Pudu 
(Cervus humilis) died at the Society's Gardens; and Mr. Garrod has been so 
obliging as to forward it for my inspection. I have thus an opportunity of 
adding some comparisons between the viscera of the Musk and those of another 
Deer of about the same bulk; for though the former, having longer limbs and 
neck, has the appearance of being a considerably larger animal, there is but little 
difference in the size of the trunk. 
