160 PROF. W. H. FLOWER ON THE MUSK-DEER. [Mar. 16, 
There was no suborbital gland or crumen*, no vestige of the 
abdominal musk-sac of the malet, nor of the gland described by 
Brandt on the outside of the thighf, nor of the tail-glands described 
by Hodgson§, in both cases in male animals; nor were there any 
interdigital glands in either feet, the depressed space between the 
toes, where the glands usually open, being covered with hair||. 
The teats were two in number, placed on the hinder part of the 
abdomen, between the thighs, 1 inch in front of the anterior margin 
of the symphysis pubis, 35 inches in front of the vulva, and 55; inch 
apart; each was 3 inch in length, soft, flaccid, slender, cylindrical, 
slightly tapering, and with a rounded apex. They were placed upon 
a nearly bare oval space, Zz inches across, and | inch from before 
backwards, having only a few long fine silky hairs upon it. The 
space between this and the vulva was covered with hairs resembling 
those of the remainder of the abdomen, though softer and finer, es- 
pecially at the hinder part. 
A heart-shaped patch, ;'; inch in diameter, surrounding the vulva, 
was covered with soft skin, perfectly bare, beset, especially near its 
margin and anterior portion, with numerous yellowish-white sebaceous 
glands. Within, but near the front end of this bare place, is situated 
the prominent conical eminence, formed by the anterior union of the 
labia, with a few short hairs upon it. Close behind this is the apex 
of the clitoris, at the anterior margin of the vulval orifice. The 
extremely short perinzeum, the margin of the anus, and the promi- 
nences formed by the tuber ischii, were covered with very short, 
flattened, adpressed hairs, which pass into those which clothe the tri- 
angular under surface of the very brief tail. It is not quite correct to 
describe, as is usually done, the long hairs of the tail as only covering 
the upper surface and sides of the organ, for they pass under and com- 
pletely surround the extreme tip. ‘The skin adheres very closely to 
the end of the very slender, elongated, terminal caudal vertebra. 
* Tn the Pudu the crumen is a distinct involution of thickened integument, 
lodged in a deep pit in the bone, with an aperture half an inch in length. The 
lining membrane is white and corrugated, and has a few short, pointed, black 
hairs scattered over it. This organ, though generally present in the Cervide, is 
rudimentary or absent in the Roe and in the South-American Deer of the section 
Coassus. It is also absent in Hyomoschus and Tragulus. 
+ For an account of this organ and its peculiar secretion, which constitutes 
the “ musk” of commerce, with references to previous descriptions, see A. Milne- 
Edwards’s valuable memoir entitled ‘‘ Recherches sur la Famille des Chevrotains,” 
Ann. des Sciences Nat. 5¢ série, tome ii. (1864), which also contains a description 
of the osteology of Moschus, and a short réswmé of Pallas’s observations on its 
splanchnology. aN ; 
+ J. F. Brandt, “Note sur la découverte d'une glande particuliére qui se trouve 
sur la face extérieure de la cuisse du Moschus moschiferus,” Bull. Scientif. de 
lAcad. d. St. Pétersb. tom. i. 1836, p. 174. 
§ B. H. Hodgson, “ On a new organ in the genus Moschus,” Bengal Journal 
Asiatic Soc. x. 1841, p. 795. 
|| In the Pudu there are no distinct pouches in this situation ; but the skin in 
the depression between the toes on the dorsal surface of all the feet is bare, 
and evidently has a free sebaceous secretion. This may be considered the most 
rudimentary or earliest stage of an interdigital gland. 
€ In the male Pudu there wore four. 
