- 
1875. | PROF. W. H. FLOWER ON THE MUSK-DEER. Fert 
tudinal ridges or folds, about twelve in number, beginning at the 
fundus (which projects beyond the opening from the psalterium) and 
gradually subsiding towards the pylorus*. 
The small intestine was of nearly uniform diameter, *4” inch, when 
filled with water, and when unravelled 23 feet in length. The colon, 
when disengaged from its spiral coils, was 13 feet in length, making 
a total intestinal length of 36 feet, or about thirteen times the length 
of the animal from snout to root of tail. The colon, commencing at 
1 inch in diameter, gradually and slightly increased for the space of 
3 feet, then contracted rather suddenly to about half that diameter, 
and so continued until 2 feet from its termination, where it gradually 
dilated into a capacious rectum. Its walls throughout were thin and 
smootht. 
Fig. 9. 
The cxcum, half natural size. 
Z, ileum; Co, colon; Cm, apex of cecum; «, glandular pouch at com- 
mencement of colon. 
The cecum (fig. 9) was 6” long and 2” in diameter, straight, cylin- 
drical, obtusely pointed at the extremity, with very thin coats. The 
ileum enters very obliquely and is bound closely to it by a mesenteric 
* The stomach of the Pudu, in general form and in the size of its compart- 
ments, both absolute and relative, closely resembles that of the Musk-Deer ; but 
its walls are considerably thicker and its epithelium lining more developed. In 
the rwmen the villi are not only longer but thicker and more distinctly clubbed, 
so that they lie close together, completely concealing the intermediate surface 
from which they grow, which is not the case in the Musk-Deer. In the reticu- 
lum the divisions between the spaces are nearer together, more pronounced, and 
beset with more numerous and coarser papille. The psal¢eriwm is almost of 
exactly the same size as in the Musk-Deer, but differs greatly in structure, inas- 
much as the lamellz (as in most Ruminants) are of two kinds, large and small 
alternating ; indeed, in the interspaces are very short ridges, which might be 
said to constitute a third or smallest order of lamellz. Excluding the latter, 
the lamelle are altogether of the same number (19) as in the Musk. In accord- 
ance with the general character of the lining membrane of the stomach, the papilla 
covering them are larger and coarser than in the latter. The abomasus differs 
in the greater thickness of its lining membrane, and the irregularity or even re- 
ticulating character of the ridges. 
In a Gazella dorcas dissected at the same time, the psaltertwm was rather 
smaller than in the Musk, and its lamellz less developed, being smaller and 
somewhat irregular, but without any distinct alternation of small and large 
plates. The bottom of the intermediate surface, as well as the sides and edges 
of the plates, were covered with pointed papillz. 
t The colon of the Pudu forms a very simple helicine coil, composed of two 
complete circles in one direction and of two in the other, 
