1875.] SIR VICTOR BROOKE ON AFRICAN BUFFALOES. 455 
The specific identity of this West-African Buffalo with that ob- 
tained by Captain Clapperton in Central Africa appears equally cer- 
tain, as Dr. Gray* in his remarks on the living Buffalo in the Surrey 
Zoological Gardens, states that it resembled Captain Clapperton’s 
specimen in being of “a nearly uniform pale chestnut-colour.” 
We are, I think, therefore justified in concluding that there is but 
one species of Buffalo in Western, Western Equatorial, and Central 
Africa, and that the oldest name for this species is that given by 
Turton. 
Now, as to the possible identity of the smaller species of Buffalo 
of Eastern Africa mentioned by Heuglin and others with Bubalus 
pumilus :— 
During the last three years a large number of specimens of the 
N.E.-African Buffalu have been brought to England by collectors 
and sportsmen, all of which I have had the opportunity of examin- 
ing. I have also again seen the living animals in the Berlin Zoo- 
logical Gardens, of which the male’s head is figured in my former 
paper (P. Z. 8. 1873, plate 42). I am therefore at present in a 
much better position than I was upon that occasion to define clearly 
the characters of this eastern form and to estimate correctly the 
amount of difference which exists between it and the true Budbalus 
pumilus. As will be seen from the descriptions which follow, the 
external differences are very much greater than the examination of 
the skulls alone had led me to apprehend, and I have no longer any 
doubt of the practical expediency of regarding the two forms as specifi- 
cally distinct. Notwithstanding, I am still unable to find any im- 
portant distinctive cranial or cornual characters serving to separate 
the two forms which are not shown to be fugitive upon the comparison 
of a large series of specimens. 
At the time of writing my former paper, I was under the impression 
that Bubalus caffer extended from Southern Africa into Abyssinia. 
I now find that this southern form is unknown in Abyssinia, its 
place being taken by its smaller representative, Bubalus caffer, var. 
equinoctialis, of Blyth. 
I will now give the descriptions and dimensions of the three forms 
of African Buffaloes; for the full synonymy of Bubalus pumilus 1 
would refer to my fermer paper, 
BuBALUS PUMILUS. 
1781. The Dwarf, Penn. Quadr. p. 30. no. 10, pl. 27. fig. 3. 
1806. Bos pumilus, Turton, Transl. Syst. Nat. p. 121. 
1837. Bubalus brachyceros, Gray, Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. i. (n. ser.) 
. 587. 
: 1861. Bos brachyceros, Du Chaillu, Expl. Eq. Afr. p. 175 &e. 
1863. Bubalus reclinis and B. planiceros, Blyth, P. Z. 8. pp. 157, 
158, figs. 3 & 4. 
Female about three years of age, all the permanent incisors ex- 
cept the two external teeth being in place (Zoological Gardens, 
Antwerp, received from Senegal) :— 
* Ann. Nat. Hist. 1889 (1st ser.) p. 284, t. 13. 
