1875. ] WILD GOAT OF ASIA MINOR. 461 
which he describes as ‘‘ Hircus cornibus teretibus arcuatis, ab imo ad 
summum fere annulatis” (Syst. Nat. ed. 12, p. 96). Of this 
description Mr. Blanford says (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1874, p. 248), “It 
cannot be identified with any known Persian ruminant.” 
D’ Aubenton has figured as the Gazelle du Bezoard, Pasan of the 
Orientals, some species of Antelope; he gives, however, a skeleton- 
figure of, and describes (tom. xii. p. 195, pl. 15) under the name of 
Capricorne, an animal which he considers intermediate between the 
Goats and Antelopes, and which Cuvier thinks is certain to have 
been a young Algagrus. 
Pallas, in his earlier writings (Misc. Zoog. p.8; Spic. Zool. fase. i. 
p- 14), was misled into identifying an animal which he calls Antilope 
bezoartica, and which he admits was only known to him by its horns, 
with the Pasen and Pasan of Keempfer and Buffon. 
We now come to S. G. Gmelin, who (Reise d. Russ. Th. iii. p- 473) 
rescued the subject from the utter confusion into which it had fallen 
by describing trom actual inspection specimens of the Mgagrus, 
called by him “ Ziege welche den Bezoar liefert.”” His description, 
however, though good of the male, is curiously incorrect regarding 
the female, of which he says, ‘‘ Several females have been brought 
to me; but I have not been able to find a trace of horns among any 
of them.” 
Pallas, in his next notices on this subject (Spic. Zool. fase. xi. 
p- 43), avails himself of Gmelin’s information, gives to the animal 
the name of 4yagrus, and considers it to be the same as that 
described by Monardus, Garcias, and Acosta, and identical with the 
Paseng of the Persians and the Capricerva of Kempfer, and quite 
distinct from the Antilope bezoartica before described by himself. 
Zimmerman (Spec. Zool. p. 662) has no doubt that it is the 
Aigagrus which is meant by Gmelin and Kempfer; and Erxleben 
(Syst. Reg. Animal. p. 261) speaks of it as an animal much con- 
fused with the Ibex, and first of all well distinguished by Pallas. 
The description which Pennant has given (Hist. Quad. vol. i. p. 57) 
of the Caucasan most probably refers it to this species. 
The name Capra egagrus, which is the generally accepted one, 
was first given to this species by J. F. Gmelin in his edition of Lin- 
nexus (Syst. Nat. p. 193); he describes it as ‘‘cornibus carinatis 
arcuatis, gula barbata,” and identifies it with the Zyagrus of Pallas, 
the Goat of S. G. Gmelin, the Capricerva of Kempfer, Steinbok of 
Ridinger, Chévre sauvage of Tavernier, and Caucasan of Pennant. 
The animals figured by F. Cuvier under the name of C. egagrus 
are, as has been already remarked and as he himself suspected, not 
Aigagrus at all, but either bastard or semi-wild Goats. They differ 
in colour, in the formation of the horns, and in having the hair of 
the face long instead of short. 
Pallas, in his later writings (Zool. Ross.-As. vi. p. 227), gives it 
the name of 4goceros egugrus, quoting Gmelin’s descriptions, and 
mentioning that he found among his (Gmelin’s) effects an unfinished 
sketch of the animal, and also the skull and horns. 
Tilesius (Isis, 1835, p. 668), while remarking on the mistakes 
