38 SIR V. BROOKE ON THE GENUS CERVULUS. [Jan. 6, 



the fourth and fifth digits on both fore and hind extremities having, 

 as far at least as the specimens examined by me are concerned, en- 

 tirely disappeared. In this respect Cervulus stands alone amongst 

 the Cervidae. 



The Muntjacs are small animals, solitary in habits, rarely even 

 two being seen together. They are fond of hilly grounds covered 

 with forest, and, in common with all deer, exhibit much partiality to 

 particular spots. Their alarm-cry is a sharp shrill bark ; when 

 attacked by dogs the males use their sharp exserted canines with 

 extraordinary severity, inflicting upon their opponents deep and, at 

 times, even dangerous wounds. These teeth being very loose in 

 their sockets, it has been imagined by some that the animal possesses 

 the power of moving them, so as to give greater effect to the blow 

 when striking with them. I have never examined the matter for 

 myself ; but the presence or absence of muscular fibre connected 

 with the canines would at once decide the question. Mr. Swinhoe 

 (P. Z. S. 1872, p. 816) describes a similar looseness in the canines 

 of Hydropotes inermis. 



Genus Cervulus. 



1816. Cervulus, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Phil. p. 74. 



1 827. Styloceros (subgenus), Ham. Smith, Griff. Cuv. An. Kingd. 

 vol. v. p. 319. 



1836. Prox, Ogilby, P. Z. S. p. 135. 



Stature small. Hair smooth and short. Cutaneous frontal glands 

 present. Suborbital glands large. No tarsal glands. Limbs short. 

 Back arched, high behind. Frontals developing, in the male, long 

 processes for the support of the horns, each process sending down- 

 wards from its root a supraorbital ridge, which serves to protect the 

 frontal glands. Horns short, possessing short brow-antlers, which, 

 as well as the points of the horns themselves, project inwards. 



Cervulus muntjac. 



1780. Cervus muntjah, Zimm. Geogr. Gesch. Band ii. p. 131. 



1781. Rib-faced Deer, Penn. Hist. Quadr. sec. edit. p. 107. 

 1785. Cervus muntjak and C. vaginalis, Bodd. Elench. anim. 



vol. i. p. 136. 



1788. Cervus muntjac, Gm. S. N. i. p. 180. 



1811. Kijang, Marsd. Hist. Sum. 3rd. edit. p. 117, cum fig. 



1816. Cervus moschatus, Blainv. Nouv. Bull. Soc. Phil. p. 77. 



1824. Cervus muntjac, Horsf. Zool. Res. Java. 



1839-1844. Cervus muntjac, Mull. & Schl. Verh. Nat. Gesch. 

 p. 225. 



1827. Cervus muntjaTc and C. moschatus, Ham. Smith, Griff, edit. 

 Cuv. Anim. Kingd. vol. v. pp. 319, 320. 



1852. Styloceros muntjacus, Kelaart, Prodr. Faun. Zeyl. p. 85. 



1855. Cervus muntjac and C. styloceros, Wagn. Siiugeth. p. 388. 



1867. Cervulus aureus, Jerd. Mamm. p. 264. 



1869. Cervulus vaginalis, Swinhoe, P. Z.S. p. 652. 



1873. Cervulus moschatus, Gray, Hand-list Rum. Mamm. p. 163. 



