1 18 MR. A. H. GARROD ON THE MUSCLES OF BIRDS. [Feb. 3, 



Subfamily 2. Momotince. 

 3. Todince (?). 



Order III. CYPSELIFORMES. 

 Family Macrochires. 



Subfamily 1. Cypselince. 

 ,, 2. Trochilince. 



There are peculiarities in the arrangement of the cseca of the 

 intestine and of the tuft of feathers on the oil-gland which are corre- 

 ctable with this presence or absence of the ambiens muscle. Some 

 birds possess cseca to the intestine at the same time that the oil- 

 gland is tufted (1) ; others have cseca and a nude oil-gland (2), 

 others a tufted oil-gland and no cseca (3), whilst a few have no cseca 

 and a nude oil-gland (4) ; the genera Diduncidus, Goura and Treron 

 amongst the Columbce, have no cseca and no oil-gland, wherein 

 they differ from all other birds. Now it is a curious fact that it is 

 only amongst the homalogonatous birds that the first of the above- 

 named conditions is found, namely a tufted oil-gland combined with 

 cseca to the intestine ; and what is more, they nearly all agree with it. 

 The following table (II.) contains the names of those birds in which 

 a tufted oil-gland is combined with cseca to the intestine, an asterisk 

 indicating the families in which there are certain exceptions. 



Table II. 



Stnithiones*. Gruidce. 



Crypturi. Anatidce. 



Gallina. *. Spheniscidce. 



OtidcB*. Colymbidce. 



Phcenicopteridce. Procellariidaz *. 



Palamedeidce. Ciconiidee. 



RallidcB. ArdeidcB (one csecum). 



Limicolce. Steyanopodes. 



Laridce. Falconidce. 



AlcidcB. Yulturidce. 



Respecting the exceptions, it may be mentioned that the Stru- 

 thiones and Otis have no oil-gland ; but as in their nearest allies it is 

 tufted, they may be included amongst those in which it is so also. 

 Amongst the Gallince I have always found the oil-gland nude in the 

 Megapodidce (Talegalla and Megacephaloti). The Storm-Petrels 

 have no cseca, and the Ardeidce have only one. 



It is therefore evident that from the whole list of birds termed 

 homalogonatous, only the Musophayidce, Psittaci, Columbce, Cucu- 

 lidce, and Cathartidce are exceptions to the above-stated rule, the first 

 two having no cseca, the next two a nude oil-gland, and the last 

 neither cseca nor a tufted oil-gland. 



Another myological fact comes in here to assist. A reference to 

 Plate XVII. in comparison with Table I. will show that no anomalogo- 

 natous bird has been found to possess the accessory femoro-caudal ; 

 that is, B never enters into its myological formula. Such being the 

 case, when a bird has a formula with B in it, at the same time that 



