216 MESSRS. BLANFORD AND DRESSER ON [Apr. 21, 



are without exception migratory ; the latter, excepting a few which 

 pass the summer in Europe, Northern Africa, or Asia, and the 

 winter in tropical Africa, are non-migratory, and many of them 

 appear to be very locally distributed. 



Saxicola. 



Saxicola, Bechst. Orn. Taschenb. p. 216 (1802). 



Bill straight, rather broad at the base, rather longer than the middle 

 toe with claw, compressed, decurved, and more or less indented at the 

 tip. Nostrils basal, supernal, and oval. Gape furnished with a few 

 bristles. First primary very short, second shorter than the third and 

 fourth, third or fourth the longest ; coverts and scapulars short. 

 Tail nearly even, the basal portion nearly always white or rufous. 

 Tarsus long, covered in front by one long scale, to which succeed two 

 or three shorter ones. Claws compressed, strong, and moderately 

 curved ; the outer toe partly united to the middle toe ; lateral toes 

 equal or subequal. 



Section I. Back and shoulders in the males black or blackish. 



A. Uropygium rufescent. 



22. lugubris, Riipp. Throat and breast black. 

 7. mcesta, Licht. Breast white. 



B. Uropygium white. 



a. All the under parts white. 



3. vittata, Ehr. A dark band from the lores to the shoulders. 



b. Abdomen white ; throat entirely black. 



12. alboniyra, Hume. Head entirely black; sexes alike; 

 wing 3 - 9 inches. 



13. picata, Blyth. Head entirely black; sexes dissimilar; 



wing 3*5. 



10. leucomela, Pall. Head whitish above ; sexes alike ; under 

 tail-coverts rufous ; inner quill-webs white ; outer tail- 

 feathers black-tipped. 



1 1 . morio, Ehr. Head whitish above ; sexes alike ; under tail- 

 coverts white or pale buff; inner quill- webs black ; outer 

 tail-feathers black-tipped. 



14. monacha, Riipp. Head above white ; sexes dissimilar ; bill 



elongate ; outer tail-feathers white. 



c. Lower parts, except crissum, entirely black. 



16. leucura, Gm. Head always black; general colour dull 

 black ; central rectrices white at base ; female sooty brown. 

 Culm. 0-91, tarsus 1-08. 



15. leucopyga, Br. Crown in adult white; general colour jet- 

 black ; central rectrices white at base ; female similar to 

 male. 



23. atmori, Tr. Head black ; general colour sooty black ; cen- 

 tral rectrices black throughout (distinguished from S. 

 leucura by blacker rump and more black on the rectrices). 

 Wing 4-1*. 



