1874.] THE fiENUS SAXICOLA. 21!) 



Saxicola libanotica, Ehr. Symb. Phys. Av. fol. bb (type ex- 

 amined) (1829). 



Saxicola septentrionalis, grisea etcinerea, Brehm, Vogel Deutschl. 

 pp. 403, 405(1831). 



Saxicola oenantkoides, Vigors, Zool. Blossom, p. 19 (1839). 



Vitiflora (xnanthe et major, Brehm, Vogelfang, p. 224 (1855). 



Sao;icola leucorhoa, Haiti. Ornith. W. Afr. p. 64. no. 192 (1857). 



Adult male in breeding-plumage. Upper parts to the rump ashy 

 grey ; forehead and superciliary line pure white ; a line through the 

 eye from the lores to the ear-coverts jet-black ; wings blackish 

 brown ; central rectrices black, basal third white, remaining rectrices 

 white, broadly tipped with black ; rump and upper tail-coverts pure 

 white ; underparts white to buff, often distinctly rufous on the 

 throat and lower tail-coverts ; under wing-coverts and axillaries 

 mixed black and white. Culmen 0*75, wing 3*8, tail 235, tarsus l'l. 



Male in winter plumage. Upper parts more or less brown ; the 

 eye-stripe less distinct ; lower parts more rufous than in the summer 

 plumage ; secondaries and wing-coverts broadly edged with rufous. 



Young males resemble the female. 



Adult female in breeding-plumage. Upper parts dull brown ; 

 wings hair-brown ; tail as in the male, except that the terminal 

 portion is brownish, not black ; underparts light reddish brown, 

 darkest on the breast, and becoming whitish on the abdomen and 

 under tail-coverts. 



Adult female in winter. Similar to the above, but with the 

 secondaries and wing-coverts broadly edged with rufous. 



Hab. Europe generally ; Persia, Syria, Arabia, and Turkestan, 

 Africa north of the equator, Greenland, and Eastern North America ; 

 Behring's Straits. 



2. Saxicola stapazina. 



Red or Russet-coloured Wheatear, Edw. Nat. Hist. p. 31, pi. 31 

 (1743, partim). 



Ficedula vitiflora rufescens, Briss. Orn. iii. p. 457. no. 36, pi. 25. 

 fig. 4 (1760). 



Ficedula vitiflora rufa, Briss. torn. cit. p. 459. no. 37 (1760, 

 partim). 



Motacilla stapazina, Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 331. no. 14 (1766, 

 ex Edw.). 



Vitiflora rufa, Steph. Gen. Zool. x. p. 569 (1817). 



(Enanthe albicollis, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xxi. p. 424 (1818). 



Saxicola aurita,Temm. M. d'Orn. i. p. 241 (1820). 



Sylvia rufescens, Savi, Orn. Tosc. i. p. 223 (1827). 



Saxicola amphileuca, Ebr. Symb. Phys. fol. bb (1829). 



Saxicola aurita, var. libyca, Ehr. torn. cit. pi. aa (1829). 



Vitiflora assimilis, C. L. Brehm, torn. cit. p. 224. no. 7 (1850). 



Adult male in breeding-plumage. A narrow frontal line, lores, 

 region round the eye, auricular space, including a large patch on 

 the side of the neck, wings, scapulars, and wing-coverts jet-black ; 



15* 



