220 MESSRS. BLANFORD AND DRESSER ON [Apr. 21, 



crown, neck, back, rump, and upper tail-coverts, throat, and entire 

 underparts white, faintly clouded with pale rufous on the breast 

 and back ; central tail-feathers white on the basal third, otherwise 

 jet-black, the outermost feathers half white; remaining rectrices 

 white, very broadly tipped with black ; under wing-coverts black ; 

 legs and bill black ; iris brown. Culmen 0'G2, wing 3'5, tail 2'65, 

 tarsus 1. 



Adult male in whiter. Differs from the specimen last described in 

 having the centre of the crown, nape, and back rich pale creamy 

 rufous to rufous brown, the breast being of the same colour, but 

 somewhat paler, and the entire underparts being washed with a 

 rufescent tinge. 



Adult female in summer. Differs from the male in having the 

 crown, nape, and hack dull brownish grey, the patch on the side of 

 the head and wings much duller, being brownish black, not black ; 

 upper wing-coverts slightly tipped with rufous; underparts white, 

 marked with rufous on the breast. 



As is the case with all the Chats of this group, the present 

 species often has the white on the back and breast obscured or 

 replaced by a rich rufescent cream-tinge, which appears to form its 

 winter livery, and in all plumages there is some slight trace of this 

 colour either on the back or the breast. 



Hab. Southern Europe, Asia Minor, Persia, and northern Africa. 



There is no doubt that this is the bird described by Linnaeus as 

 S 1 . stapazina, although that name has been generally applied to S. 

 rufa. The description in the 'Systema Naturae ' is the following: — 

 "M. ferruginea, area oculorum alis caudaque fuscis," which can only 

 apply to the present species. The first reference is to Edwards's 

 plate, on which both forms are figured. 



3. Saxicola vittata. 



Saxicola vittata, Ehrenb. Symb. Phys. fol. cc (1829) (type 

 examined). 



Saxicola leucol&ma, Antinori & Salvadori, Att. R. Accad. Sci. Tor. 

 viii. p. 32(1872). 



Saxicola melanogenys, Severtz. Turk. Jevotn. p. 120 (1873). 



Saxicola melanotis, Sev. torn. cit. pi. viii. figs. 5, 6. 



Saxicola leucoleema, Salvad. & Ant. Annal. Mus. Civ. Genova, iv. 

 p. 101, tab. ii. (1873). 



Adult. Crown, nape, and upper part of back greyish white ; back 

 and wings black ; rump and upper tail-coverts white ; quills brownish 

 black, secondaries and larger wing-coverts slightly tipped with dirty 

 white ; central rectrices white on the basal third, otherwise black, 

 remaining rectrices white, terminated with black, on the outermost 

 pair this colour extends on the outer web along the terminal half ; 

 lores and a broad band passing through the eye and joining the 

 base of the wing jet-black ; chin, throat, and underparts generally 

 pure white. Culmen 0-7, wing 3'9, tail 2 - 55, tarsus 0*7. Sex un- 

 determined. 



The above is the description of the type specimen in the Berlin 



