256 MR. A. H. GARROD ON THE [May 5, 



allies it is triangular and very large at its base. The similar number 

 of carotid arteries in the Oolumbidae, Pteroclidae, and Gallinse pre- 

 vents any inference being drawn from them ; and the same may be 

 said of the oesophageal crop. 



In the caeca of the intestine in the Pteroclidae there is, no doubt, 

 a strong likeness to the Gallinae ; for whilst, as above shown, they 

 are very short or absent in the Columbae, they are voluminous and 

 long in the Sand-Grouse and Fowls, being in the former between 

 4 and 5 inches from end to end. As in all the Gallinae and some 

 Columbae (Carpophaga and Ptilonopus), the Pteroclidae possess a 

 gall-bladder. 



The following Table gives the length of the intestine, from the 

 gizzard to the cloaca, in the species named. The most peculiar 

 point to be noticed is its excessive length in Diduncidus : — 



Name of bird. Length of 



intestine. 



ft. in. 



Carpophaga aurora 1 10 



cenea ... 1 6 



Chalcopelia chalcospilos 1 6 



Chalcophaps chrysochlora 1 8| 



Columba maculosa 2 8 



Didunculus strigirostris 7 



Ectopistes migratorius 2 6 



Geopelia cuneata 8| 



humilis 1 6 



placida 1 1 



striata 1 1 g 



Goura coronata 5 1 



victoria 4 



Lopkolcemus antarcticus 1 A\ 



Macropygia phasianella 2 8 



Metriopelia melanoptera 2 



Ocyphaps lophotes 2 3 



Phaps chalcoptera 2 6 



Pterocles alchata 1 6 



arenarius 2 1 



Ptilonopus jambu 1 



maricc 11 



melanocephalus 9 



Starncenas cyanocephala 2 10 



Treron calva 2 A\ 



Turtur aldabranus 1 8 



chinensis 1 6 



Zenaida martinicana 1 11 



Zenaidura cai-olinensis 2 



In nearly all Pigeons the gizzard is well-developed after the ordi- 

 nary type ; in some the pad on which the food is triturated is lon- 

 gitudinally grooved or plicated, whilst in others it is smooth ; its 



