1874.] MR. A. H. GARROD ON THE AUSTRALIAN BUSTARD. 471 



The Norwegian Lemming was first detected in a fossil state by 

 Hensel, who found remains in the same deposits at Quedlinburg as 

 the last species. In Britain it has only been found, as far as we are 

 aware, in the Somersetshire bone-caves. Six lower jaws from these 

 caverns are in the Taunton Museum, and were identified with this 

 species by Mr. Sanford, although he remarks that they are slightly 

 smaller and have the condyle somewhat more slender than recent 

 specimens. They agree, however, so closely, especially with skulls 

 of young animals, that we do not think there can be any doubt as 

 to their identity. 



At the present day M. lemmus is very restricted in its range, 

 being found only in the Scandinavian peninsula and in Russian Lap- 

 land. In the postpliocene epoch it extended at least as far south as 

 Saxony and England. 



In this species, as in the allied M. obensis, the prisms of the pos- 

 terior molars in both jaws are nearly separated from each other, the 

 folds of enamel passing almost completely across the tooth ; they 

 are much twisted and compressed longitudinally. The last upper 

 molar sometimes varies slightly ; but the rest of the pattern is very 

 constant, being : — 



Upper I. 5 spaces, 6 angles. Lower I. 5 spaces, 7 angles. 



„ 11. 4 „ £> „ ,, 11. O „ ,, 



„ III. 4 „ 6 or 7 „ „ III. 4 „ 5 „ 



We have compared the jaws in the Taunton Museum with recent 

 specimens in our own collection. 



12. On the " Showing-off " of the Australian Bustard (Eupo- 

 dotis australis). By A. H. G-arrod, B.A., F.Z.S., Fellow 

 of St. John's College, Cambridge, Prosector to the 

 Society. 



[Received May 23, 1874.] 



Whether the account of the production of the great distention of 

 the neck in the male Australian Bustard which follows will in any 

 way simplify the question of the presence or absence of a gular pouch 

 in Bustards generally, is doubtful. At all events it will rectify an 

 accepted error, and add a fresh fact to the considerable literature of 

 the subject. 



In the 'Proceedings' of this Society for 1868 (p. 471 et seq.), Dr. 

 Murie pictures the sexual "show-off" in a specimen of Eupodotis 

 australis which was presented to the Society in April 1866, by the 

 Acclimatization Society of Sydney, and infers, from its appearance, 

 that, as an undoubted fact, the gular pouch is present in this 

 specimen of the species at least. 



In 1873, during one of the months in which it was " showing off," 

 namely in May, I examined the mouth of this identical bird while 

 alive, and could find no trace of a sublingual orifice, and, what is 

 more, felt and saw a median frenum linguae quite distinctly. This 



