1874.] LARKS OF SOUTHERN AFRICA. 615 



i- 5 . Distance between tips of primaries and secondaries much more 

 than length of hind claw. 

 a 6 . Bill comparatively short and slender ; wing falling short of 



tail by more than length of tarsus 7. Alauda. 



I. 6 . Bill short and conical; wings long, falling short of tail by less 



than length of tarsus 8. Calandrella. 



d 5 . Distance between tips of primaries and secondaries not more 

 than length of hind claw. 



< 6 . Bill higher than broad 9. Spizocorys. 



d 6 . Bill equal in breadth and height 10. Tephrocorys. 



d i . Distance between tips of primaries and tips of secondaries equal to 

 tarsus 11. Melanocorypha. 



( A . Distance between tips of primaries and tips of secondaries much 



greater than tarsus 12. Palladia. 



d'". First primary well developed, longer than inner toe and claw. 

 /*. Nostrils covered with stiff bristly plumes. 



e 5 . Bill slender, about as broad as high at the nostrils. 

 e°. Third primary longest ; crest full and rounded. 



13. Lullula. 

 f e . Fourth primary longest ; crest elongated and pointed. 



14. Galerita. 



g e . Second primary longest ; no crest 15. Pyrrhulauda . 



f 5 . Bill very stout, much deeper than broad ... 16. Calendula. 

 g*. Nostrils exposed, with superior membrane ... 17. Mirafra. 



d". Crest-feathers longer than tarsus 18. Spizalaiida. 



e' Sides of head with conspicuous elongated hornlets 19. Otocorys. 



Genus 1. Certhilauda. Type. 



Certhilauda, Swains. Zool. Journ. iii. p. 344 (1827). C. capensis. 

 Thinotretis, Gloger, Handb. Naturg. p. 266 (1842). C. capensis. 

 Chersomanes, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 126 (1850) .. C. garrula. 



Key to the Species. 



a Tail not tipped with white spots capensis. 



I). Tail tipped with large white spots. 



a'. General colour rufous, with narrow dark brown centres to the feathers ; 



secondaries rufous, with fulvous margins rufula. 



b'. General colour dark brown, with slight shade of rufous on margins of 

 feathers ; secondaries ashy brown, with very narrow whitish or rufous 

 margins garrula. 



1. Certhilauda capensis. 



Le Sirli du Cap de Bonne Esperance, Buff. Pl.'Enl. 712. 



Alauda capensis, Bodd. Tabl. PI. Enl. p. 45 (1783, eccBuff.). 



African Lark, Lath. Gen. Syn. ii. pt. 2, p. 389 (1783). 



Alauda africana, Gm. S. N. i. p. 798 (1788, ex Buff.); Vieill. 

 Gal. Ois. ii! pi. elix. (1825); Giebel, Thes. Orn. p. 290 (1872). 



L' Alouette Sirli, Levaill. Ois. d'Afr. iv. pi. 192 (1805); Sund. 

 Crit. om Lev. p. 46 (1857). 



Certhilauda longirostris, Sw. Classif. B. ii. p. 293 (1837). 



Certhilauda africana, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 383 (1844); Smith, 

 111. Zool. S. Afr.pl. xc. fig. 1(1849); Bp. Consp. i. p. 246 (1850) ; 

 Gurney, Ibis, 1860, p. 208; Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 217 (1867); 

 Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 71 (1871). 



