G36 MR. R. B. SHARPE ON THE [Nov. 1 7, 



16. Calendula. Type. 



Calendula, Sw. Classif. B. ii. p. 292 (1837) . . C. crassirostris. 



Erana, Gray, List Gen. B. p. 48 (1840) .... C. crassirostris. 



Distinguished by its stout and Calandra-like bill, but otherwise 

 much resembling Alauda in appearance, though of course the de- 

 velopment of the first primary separates them at once. 



12. Calendula crassirostris. 



Alouette a gros bee, Levaill. Ois. d'Afr. iv. pi. 193 (1805); 

 Sundev. Crit. om Lev. p. 46 (1857). 



Alauda crassirostris, Vieill. N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. i. p. 373 

 (1816) ; id. and Bonn. Enc. Me'th. i. p. 323 (1823) ; Gray, Gen. B. 

 ii. p. 380 (1844) ; Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 208 (1867) ; Gray, Hand-1. 

 ii. p. 119 (1870) ; Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 71 (1871). 



Alauda magnirostris, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 27 (1826). 



Melanocorypha crassirostris, Boie, Isis, 1828, p. 322. 



Calendida magnirostris, Sw. Classif. B. ii. p. 292 (1837). 



Megalophonus crassirostris, Bp. Consp. i. p. 243 (1850). 



Galerita crassirostris, Licht. Nomencl. p. 39 (1854). 



Calendula crassirostris, Gurney in Anderss. B. Dam. Ld. p. 195 

 (1872;. 



Ammomames crassirostris, Sundev. Av. Tent. p. 54 (1872). 



Adult. Above dark brown, the feathers tolerably broadly mar- 

 gined with sandy fulvous, getting lighter on the extreme edge of the 

 feather ; the lower back and rump ashy brown, more uniform, or 

 having only a few central streaks of dark brown on the lower back ; 

 head rather lighter brown than the rest of the upper surface, the 

 dark brown central streaks rather narrower ; hind neck inclining to 

 ashy fulvous and minutely streaked with dark brown ; wing-coverts 

 dark brown, somewhat shaded with ashy and rather broadly mar- 

 gined with sandy fulvous on the median and lesser coverts, the 

 greater series margined with ashy, but without such distinct edges 

 of sandy buff as the other series ; quills brown, narrowly tipped and 

 margined on the outer web with sandy white, the secondaries di- 

 stinctly shaded with grey ; upper tail-coverts ashy brown shaded 

 with sandy and streaked with dark brown down the centres of the 

 longest feathers ; tail-feathers dark brown margined with ashy grey, 

 the penultimate feather narrowly, and the outermost a little more 

 broadly margined and tipped with sandy white or fulvous ; lores, 

 feathers above and below the eye, as well as a streak running along 

 the sides of the crown fulvous white, but not forming a distinct eye- 

 brow ; cheeks fulvous white, minutely spotted with blackish brown ; 

 ear-coverts dark brown streaked with sandy buff; under surface of 

 body dull yellowish white, the throat very slightly spotted with 

 blackish brown, of which colour there is a moustachial line on each 

 side ; the breast thickly and distinctly streaked with blackish brown, 

 gradually narrowing on the lower breast and sides of abdomen to 

 hair-like lines ; belly, vent, and under tail-coverts unspotted ; flanks 

 ashy brown streaked with dark brown ; under wing-coverts pale 



