COS DR. E. CRISP ON THE HIPPOPOTAMUS. [May 23, 



tion ill the right vein. A valve also exists in the vein of the left 

 renal body, near to its exit. The renal bodies (not suprarenal cap- 

 sules, as they are erroneously called) are of a triangular shape, with 

 a notch at the base of each ; the left is placed 2 inches above the 

 kidney ; the right is above, but closer to the gland. Each weighs 

 about 240 grains. The weight of the left kidney is 81 oz., that of 

 the right 7 oz. 



Urinary Bladder. — The urinary bladder is very capacious; it will 

 contain about four quarts of water, and, with the exception of that 

 of the Wart-Hog {Phacochcerus cEliani), is proportionately larger 

 than that of any of the pachyderms I have examined. 



Organs of Generation. — The testicles small, and within the ab- 

 dominal cavity ; the vesiculse seminales also small. The penis mea- 

 sured 12^ inches; the extremity is large and globular, like that of 

 the Boars. Its diameter at the end is 2^ inches, whilst in the middle 

 it is only | inch. A large retractor muscle arises from the os pubis 

 and ischium (as in the ruminants), and is inserted into the left side 

 of the body of the penis 7 inches from its extremity, as seen in the 

 wax cast. The penis and other parts of the organs of generation 

 were removed by mistake, and therefore I am unable to give a more 

 minute description of them. 



Tongue. — The tongue is very thick at its base, the anterior end 

 broad and round, the surface smooth and velvety ; among the 

 small villi are numerous round light-coloured papillae about the size 

 of a pin's head. The base of the tongue is closely set with long- 

 })ointed pear-shaped papillae about ^ inch in length and 2 lines in 

 width in the centre, differing from those of the Hogs and other 

 pachyderms in their more pointed form. 



Jjurynx, Trachea, and Os Hyoides. — The opening of the glottis 

 is somewhat like that of the Dolphin and Porpoise, the parts below 

 the glottis being of an irregular-shaped pyramidal form ; the thyroid 

 cartilage, however, is placed much higher than in these animals. 

 Tlie laryngeal muscles are very powerful, especially the crico-aryte- 

 noidei postici. The os hyoides consists of nine bones — a central 

 nearly circular bone about I inch in diameter, and eight separate cy- 

 lindrical bones (six above and two below) articulated superiorly to 

 the styloid process of the temporal bone, and below to the thyroid 

 cartilage. The united length of the -four lateral bones is 9 inches. 

 As might be supposed from the age of the animal, none of these 

 bones are complete ; and the same remark will apply to the laryngeal 

 cartilages. The thyroid cartilage is of shield-hke form, and pos- 

 sesses two cornua above and below. The inferior are about 1 inch 

 in length ; the superior about f inch. The length of the cartilage 

 at its anterior part is 4^ inches. 



The cricoid cartilage has two large oblong articulating surfaces 

 upon its upper and lateral surface, for the arytenoid cartilages. This 

 cartilage is very thick posteriorly ; its anterior part passes obliquely 

 under the thyroid, forming a pointed ridge in front. It is narrow 

 anteriorly, and about 2 inches deep at its posterior face. The aryte- 

 noid cartilages are thick and of an irregular triangular form, the 



