1004 DR. J. E. GRAY ON THE RHINOCEROTID^. [Dcc. 12, 



phical Transactions ;' and R. javanicus, by Dr. Horsfield ; and the 

 two latter also by Solomon Miiller, in his ' Verhandlung,' who gives 

 good figures of the adult and young. 



Three African species have been well figured by Dr. AndrewSmith, 

 in his * Illustrations of the Animals of South Africa,' and two of 

 them by Capt. Cornwallis Harris, in his ' Portraits of the Wild Ani- 

 mals of South Africa,' t. 16 & 19 ; so that the external appearances 

 of these animals are well known. 



The osteology of the species has been well represented by Camper, 

 by Pallas (in ' Nov. Com. Petrop.' 1 777), by Cuvier (in the second 

 voUnne of his ' Ossemens Fossiles'), and further illustrated in De 

 Blainville's valuable ' Osteographie.' 



In the British Museum there are three skeletons and ten skulls 

 of the Asiatic species, and four skulls of the African Rhinocerofes. 



The osteological collection in the British Museum is quite a modern 

 creation, and has been made under great difficulties and with very 

 limited funds. The Trustees at first objected to have any skulls or 

 other bones ; but it was proved to them that mammalia and other 

 vertebrates could not be studied without a collection of skulls. The 

 fact was, one of the Trustees, Sir R. Inglis, was also a Trustee of the 

 Hunterian Collection (certainly offices that are not incompatible with 

 each other ; for my uncle. Dr. E. W. Gray, one of my predecessors 

 in my present office, was, on the purchase of the Hunterian Col- 

 lection, named one of the Trustees) ; and he stated to me that he 

 was urged to prevent the collection of osteological specimens in the 

 British Museum, as being a rival and injurious to the collection at 

 the College of Surgeons. The difficulty was to a great extent re- 

 moved when Mr. Bryan Hodgson offered the Museum his very large 

 collections of skins and skeletons from the Himalayas, which were to 

 be accepted together or declined together. Since that time the col- 

 lection has rapidly increased, and, though it was much depreciated 

 by Professor Owen in his evidence before the Royal Commissioners 

 on the affairs of the British Museum, was then, and I believe is now, 

 the best-determined and largest osteological collection in Europe. 

 As to the rivalry, if any exists, it is to the benefit of both collections, 

 for it is conducive to the activity of the Curator of each ; but I have 

 always felt, and the present Curator of the Museum of the College 

 of Surgeons believes, that they are able greatly to assist each other. 

 I only know that I take almost as much interest in the collection of 

 the College as in that under my own care. 



In the British Museum there is a skull belonging to the Indian 

 one-horned type ; it is the skull of a young animal with ])remolars 

 of the milk series and the first permanent grinder appearing. It is 

 considerably larger than the skulls of the Indian species of the same 

 age, and therefore indicates a species fully as large as that animal. 

 The skull is so different from that species in its compressed form 

 and proportion that there can be no doubt that it belongs to a very 

 distinct species, which has not before been observed. There are also 

 two skulls from Borneo, which belong to a distinct and hitherto 

 undescrihed species. 



