1867.] DR. J. E. GRAY ON THE RHINOCEROTID^. 1023 



The horns of the Rhinoceros are exceedingly difficult to procure f 

 they are eagerly bought up at high prices by the Chinamen, who 

 not only value them as medicine, but carve them into very elegant 

 ornaments (Blyth, I. c. 158). 



2. Ceratorhinus monspellianus. 



R. de Montpellier, Marcel de Serres. 

 R. monspellianus, Blainv. 



Rhinoceros megarhmus, De Cristol ; Gervais, Zool. et Paleout. 

 Fran^. ii. 43, iii. t. 2. 

 Fossil, Herault, France. 



This species chiefly differs from R. sumatranus in the nose behind 

 the base of the front horn being prolonged and subcylindrical. This 

 species has been mixed up with R. tichorhinus (see Gervais, /. c). 



The African Rhinocerotes. The skin uniform, without any 

 strong fold, except at the junction between the head and body. 

 Nose ivith ttvo horns, one behind the other, front longest. 

 Skull : — occiput and condyles not produced. Nasal bones free, 

 produced, broad, rounded in front. Intermaxillaries rudi- 

 mentary, very small. Upper cutting-teeth none. Lower jaw 

 arched below, thick. Teeth 28 :— /. ^. C. ^. P.M. ^. 



M. 



3—3 



Rhinaster, Gray, List Mamm. B. M. 1840; Gerrard, Cat. Bones 

 B. M. 281. 



I am not aware tliat any adult African Rhinoceros has been seen 

 living in this country ; and the external appearance of the species is 

 chiefly known by the excellent figures given by Dr. Andrew Smith, 

 in his ' Illustrations of the Zoology of South Africa,' who figures 

 Rhinoceros bicornis, R. simus, and R. keitloa. The specimens of 

 these three species, which he collected and had stuffed by M. Ver- 

 reaux under his own superintendence, are in the British Museum. 



There are two well-marked forms of these animals, characterized 

 by the shape of the head and skull. The first (or short, blunt- 

 headed, narrow-nosed group) includes two, and the second (or long- 

 headed, broad, square-nosed group) includes one well-marked species, 

 and probably another distinguished by the form of the horns, of 

 which only the horns are known. 



There is a not quite adult skull of R. bicornis, and two adult 

 skulls and two very young skulls oi R. simus, in the British Museum ; 

 but the skull of R. keitloa is only known from the description and 

 figure of Camper. Cuvier figured two of these skulls, but considered 

 them the adult and young of the same species. Unfortunately, 

 R. oswellii is only known from the horns ; I am not aware that any 

 skin or bones of the species have been brought to Europe. There 

 is a large number of the horns of each of the species in the Museum 

 collection ; and they were known to Parsons, who figured them in the 



