92 MR. GARROD ON THE VISCERAL ANATOMY [Jail. 21, 



2. On the Visceral Anatomy of the Sumatran Rhinoceros 

 (Ceratorhinns sumatrensis) . By A. H. Garros B.A., 

 F.Z.S., Prosector to the Society. 



[Eeceivcd December 5, 1872.] 



The death on September 2 1st, 1872, of the only English speci- 

 men of the Sumatran Rhinoceros has afforded me an opportunity 

 of determining many points in its anatomy previously unknown ; 

 and Prof. Owen's excellent memoir on Rhinoceros indicus, in the 

 fourth volume of the Society's 'Transactions,' has made it possible 

 to compare the details of structure in the two species. 



The differences in the shape of the stomach, and the character of 

 the mucous membrane of the small intestine, together with the pecu- 

 liarities of the skin, including the presence of a second horn, the 

 absence of a gland behind the foot, and the smallness of the folds, 

 which cannot accurately be termed shields, appear to me quite to 

 justify the separation, into a distinct genus, of the Sumatran Rhi- 

 noceros from its Indian ally, as has been done by Dr. Gray from a 

 study of its osteology only. 



The specimen upon which these observations are based is said to 

 have been captured in Malacca * : it is an aged female : its skin is of 

 a dark slate-colour, and is covered thinly with black hairs, which 

 are more than an inch long, situated mostly on the middle line of the 

 back and on the outer sides of the limbs. Its length from the tip of 

 the nose to the base of the tail is 96| inches. The tail is 22 inches 

 long ; from its base to the transverse shoulder-fold is 44 inches ; and 

 from the latter to the occipital crest is 22 inches. The ears are lined, 

 and not fringed (as are those of Ceratorhinus lasiotis) with black 

 hairs. No traces could be found at the back of the feet of the 

 glands described by Prof. Owen in the Indian Rhinoceros. 



The skull, the only part of the skeleton which I have examined, 

 is 21^ inches from the tip of the nasal bones to the middle of the 

 occipital crest, following its longitudinal direction. From one lachry- 

 mal tubercle over the head to that of the opposite side is 8 inches. 

 The conjoined nasal bones in their broadest part are 6| inches across 

 from their lower margins over the insertion of the anterior horn. 



The lower incisors and the first premolars are lost ; Prof. Flower 

 informs me that a specimen in the Museum at Brussels has also lost 

 its lower incisors. The premaxillary bones are anchylosed to the 

 maxillaries, a condition I have not found in any other specimen, and 

 which is probably dependent on the loss of the lower cutting-teeth. 



Including the present one, I have seen eight skulls of Asiatic two- 

 homed Rhinoceroses (Ceratorhinus) — four in the College-of-Surgeons 

 Museum, two in the British Museum, and one at the Museum at 

 Cambridge. The present specimen agrees very closely with that at 

 the last-named place, and with No. 1461 a, adult, from Pegu, in the 

 British Museum. It being that of an aged individual, comparison 



* See for an account of its history Mr. Sclater'a notes, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 404. 



