18/3.] OF THE SUMATRAN RHINOCEROS. 95 



are largest posteriorly, reaching a diameter of ^ inch ; anteriorly they 

 get smaller, and cease by becoming more and more scattered. The 

 rest of the tongue is covered uniformly with filiform papillae, among 

 which no fungiformes are to be seen. 



The soft palate runs downwards as well as backwards ; and its 

 posterior portion, as Prof. Flower specially pointed out to me, so 

 closely embraces the base of the tongue that, except when in the act 

 of swallowing, the epiglottis always projects quite into the posterior 

 narial chamber, as in the horse and many other animals. The 

 anterior portion of the soft palate is | inch thick, and very glandular. 

 A collection of glands of considerable size on each side of the fauces 

 are the only representatives of the tonsils. 



The salivary glands present the usual characters. The parotid 

 is much the largest. It weighs 1 lb. 1 oz., and is of an irregular semi- 

 lunar shape, the concavity embracing the superior portion of the 

 angle of the jaw ; it is mostly situated between the body of the 

 masseter and the posterior insertion of the sterno-mastoid muscle. 

 It lies almost entirely below the level of the zygoma, sending up a 

 small portion into the interval between it and the external auditory 

 meatus. Its duct, which is 14 inches long, commences at the inferior 

 angle of the gland, and, as in the Ungulata generally, runs round 

 the lower margin of insertion of the masseter muscle, and up along 

 its anterior border till it pierces the buccinator, to terminate by a 

 simple orifice in the well-marked fossa between the cheek-pad de- 

 scribed above and the superior gum, in a line with the interval 

 between the first and second upper true molar teeth. 



The submaxillary gland weighs 2\ oz., and is irregularly cubical 

 in shape. It is situated just under the angle of the jaw, covered by 

 the digastric muscle. The duct is 1 3£ inches long ; anteriorly it is 

 closely bound to the inner surface of the sublingual gland ; and it 

 opens far forwards, close to the frenum of the tongue, on either side 

 of it. 



The sublingual gland weighs 2 oz., and is composed of several 

 small portions which open separately almost in one straight line, 

 about half an inch apart, below the sides of the tongue, and parallel 

 with the ramus of the jaw. The whole gland is about 6 inches long 

 and 1 inch deep. 



The oesophagus is thick and muscular, not of large calibre ; it has 

 the mucous membrane but loosely connected with the muscular 

 parietes, and arranged in bold longitudinal folds. 



The stomach is of a very different shape from that of the Indian 

 Rhinoceros as figured and described by Prof. Owen, and in most 

 respects resembles that of the horse. It forms a broad tube much 

 bent upon itself, with the cardiac and pyloric orifices approximated, 

 and a deep and narrow interval between them, in which the main 

 vessels and nerves run, and across which the peritonaeum extends. 

 There is no definite constriction between the cardiac and pyloric 

 portions of the viscus ; but there is a peculiar diverticulum from the 

 outer portion of the cardiac extremity, of a subcorneal form, in which 

 the base of the cone is the attached end. The whole organ is there- 



