18/3.] OF THE SUMATRAN RHINOCEROS. 101 



backwards and to the left, the colon is directed forwards and to the 

 right ; but it almost immediately gives rise to the very considerable 

 colic loop, which is directed first transversely to the left, and con- 

 tinues on obliquely backwards, the anterior returning portion of 

 which returns to the right hypochondriac region, where its mesentery 

 is very incomplete, and it is firmly bound down to the adjacent 

 parietes. The transverse colon, running from this point, is situated 

 quite above the colic loop, and is filso bound down at the left 

 hypochondrium as at the right. The third part of the colon (the 

 descending in man) is very sinuous in its course ; it ends by a very 

 simple sigmoid flexure, and is continued on as the capacious rectum. 



The ccecutn is 3 feet long, and of nearly the same diameter ; it is 

 pyriform in shape, and much like that of the Tapir, the blind end 

 being the narrower. It is traversed by three longitudinal bands, 

 between which it is folded in large sacculi. The colon springs from 

 the anterior end of the caecum, and immediately makes a short 

 sigmoid curve to the right. Its interior is lined with a smooth, 

 simple, irregularly plicated epithelium, the folds of which are quite 

 removed when the organ is distended. 



From the ileo-csecal valve to the anus is 1 6 feet ; and in its broadest 

 part the colon is 3!) inches in circumference. It is peculiar that, as 

 in the Horse and also in the Tapir, the tube is of very different dia- 

 meters in its different parts, the bend of the colic loop being very 

 narrow in comparison with its main parts. 



The proximal g of the colic loop is sacculated, and, at its middle, 

 13 inches in diameter; but at its bend, where it is situated in the 

 left iliac fossa, it is much smaller, being only 6^- inches across, and 

 not the least sacculated. It continues thus uniform on it surface, 

 and gradually dilating for about 2\ feet till in the epigastric region 

 it again becomes sacculated and very capacious, reaching a diameter 

 of 16| inches. From this point it rapidly reduces in the transverse 

 colon, remaining somewhat sacculated, with only one longitudinal 

 band, which is at the mesenteric border, till at the sigmoid flexure 

 the diameter is 6g inches. The colic loop is just 5 feet long. There 

 are no regular folds of the mucous membrane of the large intestine, 

 but many minor ones, which disappear when the tube is distended. 

 The rectum is nearly 7 inches in diameter. 



This arrangement of the colon is different from that of the Horse 

 in that the portion corresponding to the ascending colon is longer in 

 the latter. In the Horse and Tapir the colic loop is formed from 

 the transverse colon, in this Rhinoceros more from the right hypo- 

 chondriac angle of that viscus. In the direction of the caecum, 

 namely backwards and to the left, the Rhinoceros agrees with the 

 Tapir and differs entirely from the Horse. 



The liver is not large, considering the size of the animal. It 

 weighs slightly over 15 lb., is flattened, and has no gall-bladder. 

 Adopting Prof. Flower's method of describing this organ, all the 

 main divisions are indicated, though most of the fissures are not 

 deep. The left lateral lobe is the largest, and is overlapped by 

 the left central along its median border. On the anterior surface 



