18/3.] ANATOMY OF THE BINTURONG. 197 



V-shaped patterns, with the concavities directed forwards ; they are 

 also somewhat further apart than those in front, and have one or 

 two rows of mammillated projections in the spaces thus left. The 

 back part of the palate is not ridged ; and the uvula is represented 

 by two slight projections, one on each side of the middle line, with 

 a very shallow notch between them. 



The tongue is 3 inches long from the tip to the posterior of the 

 circumvallate papillae ; its sides are nearly straight and parallel, con- 

 verging slightly in front ; at its base the breadth is 1 inch, and in 

 front it decreases to \ inch. The mucous membrane covering its 

 lower surface and the floor of the mouth is smooth ; and the supe- 

 rior edge of the frenum linguae is 1| inch from the tip, which 

 latter is simply rounded. The mucous membrane of the superior 

 surface, which is thickly set with papillae, extends up to and slightly 

 over the margins of the tongue in its anterior part, forming a thin- 

 edged fringe all along the border. The anterior half of the superior 

 surface is covered with easily visible, hispid, feline, retroverted pa- 

 pillae, particularly large at the centre, diminishing in size laterally 

 and forwards, where, at the extreme margin, some fungiformes are 

 mixed up with them. In the back part of the tongue the papillae 

 fungiformes are sparsely scattered among the diminished filiformes ; 

 and the papillae circumvallatae, nine in number and not equal in 

 size, form the usual V, four on each side, with one median and pos- 

 terior. Between these and the epiglottis the mucous membrane is 

 soft and covered sparsely with thin cylindrical papillae, some of which 

 reach ^ inch in length ; these are most uuiform in diameter from 

 end to end near the middle line, and towards the sides they become 

 shorter and broader at their bases, till they blend with and become un- 

 distinguishable from the filiformes. No ossified lytta could be found. 



The parotid is slightly the largest of the submaxillary glands ; it 

 is irregularly shaped and thin at its edges, where it is interpolated 

 between the muscles. The submaxillary gland is egg-shaped, and 

 about | inch in average diameter ; its duct runs far forwards on the 

 floor of the mouth, opening within g inch of that of the opposite 

 side, upon the symphysis of the jaw and closely bound to it, just 

 behind the canine teeth and half an inch behind the incisors. The 

 sublingual gland is elongate and nearly as large as the submaxillary. 



The stomach has a very peculiar shape, being elongated longitu- 

 dinally, and consisting of a longitudinal cylindrical portion running 

 backwards, and, after an abrupt bend, returning chestwards, the 

 parallel tubes thus formed being closely approximate. By this 

 arrangement, notwithstanding the considerable length of the lesser 

 curvature, the cardiac and pyloric orifices are not far from one 

 another ; and they would be nearer were it not for the fact that the 

 second or returning portion of the tube is a little shorter than the 

 first. The cardiac portion of this stomach-tube has a diameter in 

 the undistended organ of 1 inch, which gradually reduces to f inch 

 near the pylorus. A globose cardiac cul-de-sac throws the oesophageal 

 opening quite to the right of that portion of the organ, and so brings 

 it into contact with the commencing duodenum, which, before its first 

 flexure, is a direct continuation forwards (chestwards) of the second 



