1873.] CHARACTERS IN THE CHIROPTERA. 247 



mais elle est nioins graude chez les jeuues Les femelles 



n'ont point de siphon "*. 



The same writer notices the presence of a gular pouch in the 

 males only of Dysopes obscurus, and describes the thoracic glandular 

 pouch of Cheiromeles torqtiatus, which differs in structure and is 

 less developed in the female f. 



Among the Frugivorous Bats several species present well-marked 

 secondary sexual differences. 



The species of the genus Epomophorus possess peculiar shoulder- 

 tufts, consisting of long stiff hairs, differing in colour and length 

 from the surrounding fur. These tufts correspond to the position of 

 odoriferous glands, and are either less developed or wanting in the 

 female. 



In Mr. Tomes's " Monograph of the genus Epomophorus " the 

 form of the shoulder-tufts J in each species is described, but the 

 author does not notice their relative development in the sexes. 



In E. labiatus = Pteropus labiatus, Temm., the absence of the 

 shoulder-tufts in the female is particularly noticed by Temminck§. 

 In. E. (jambianus, Ogilby, = E. crypturus, Peters, these epaulettes 

 are well developed in the male, and are thus described by 

 Mr. Tomes : — " The conspicuous shoulder-tufts of E. macrocephalus 

 are here very fully developed. They consist of a very slight warty 

 excrescence clothed with fur, which differs from that which surrounds 

 it only in being of a dirty white colour" ||. As this description was 

 taken from specimens obtained twenty -five years previously it is most 

 probable that in the living animal these shoulder-tufts present much 

 more conspicuous objects. Judging from the fine coloured illus- 

 tration, representing the female of this species, in the ' Reise nach 

 Mossambique,' and from the absence of any mention of these 

 epaulettes in Dr. Peters's description^, taken from an adult female 

 specimen, we may conclude that in the female of this species also the 

 shoulder-tufts are wanting. 



The only known specimen of E.franqueti, Tomes, is a male ; and 

 the remarkable development of the shoulder-tufts is shown in the 

 illustration accompanying Mr. Tomes's paper referred to above. 

 They are thus described: — "The shoulder- tufts are very much 

 developed, and differ somewhat from those of E. macrocephalus. 

 They occupy a space on the shoulder of as much as 1 i inch in length, 

 in a descending direction ; the lower half of this space consists of 

 fur, which is of the same length and texture as that of the sur- 

 rounding parts, but is of a buffy yellow colour ; whilst the upper 

 part, constituting the real shoulder-tuft, is composed of long yellow 

 hairs, which spring outwards and then curve downwards, partially 



* Temminck, ' Monographies de Mammalogie,' vol. ii. p. 355. 



t Loc. cit. p. 349. 



| Well shown in a fine coloured illustration of E. franqueti, Tomes, accom- 

 panying Mr. Tomes's Monograph of the genus (see Proc. Zool. Soc. L860, p. 42, 

 pi. ixxv.). 



§ Monographies do Mammalogic, vol. ii. pp. 83, 84. 



|| P. Z. S. I860, p. 53. 



•' Reise nach Mussanihiipie, Saug p. 20, pi. v. 



