1873.] THE BIRDS OF EASTERN PERU. 255 



1 . This district belongs strictly to that great division of the Neo- 

 tropical fauna which contains Guiana and the whole of the basins of 

 the Amazons and Orinoco, and may be called the "Amazonian 

 province." 



2. This division is characterized by the presence of certain 

 peculiar ornithic types, such as Phcenicocercus, Gymnoderus, Galb- 

 alcyrhynchus, Opisthocomus, and Psophia *. 



3. The Amazonian province is roughly divisible into three sections 

 — (1) Guiana, up to the Rio Negro, (2) Lower Amazonia f, 

 (3) Upper Amazonia — to the last of which the district now under 

 consideratio?i belongs. 



4. The Upper Amazonian district, however, is more distinct from 

 the Guianan than the Lower Amazonian, nearly one third of the 

 species hitherto found in it being absent from Guiana. 



5. In some cases the Guianan species are replaced in the Amazonas 

 by nearly allied representatives, e.g. : — 



Guianan species. Upper- Amazonian representatives. 



Rupicola crocea by R. peruviana. 



Phoenicocercus carnifex „ P. nigricollis. 



Capito erythrocephalus „ C. peruvianus. 



Psophia crepitans „ Ps. leucoptera. 



6. The most abundant families of the Upper-Amazonian avifauna 

 are the Formicariidse and Dendrocolaptidae ; and these also show the 

 greatest number of peculiar species. 



Fam. Turdid^e. 

 Of this family Mr. Bartlett obtained examples of four species, all 

 of which are of rather wide range, one of them being a North- 

 American species, but occurring here in one of the most southern 

 points of its distribution. 



1. Turdus swainsoni, Cab. 



Chamicuros (Bartl.). 



" Only one specimen obtained." — E. B. 



2. Turdus phjeopygus, Cab.; Scl. & Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, 

 pp. 749, 754. 



Chyavetas and Chamicuros. 



" Common in Eastern Peru ; always on high and sandy country." 

 — E. B. 



3. Turdus fumigatus, Licht. ; Scl.&Salv. P. Z. S. 1S66, p. 177. 

 Turdus hauxwelli, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. ix. p. 265. 



Nauta, Chamicuros, and Santa Cruz (Bartlett) ; Pebas (Hauxw.). 

 We have no doubt of the identity of T. hauxwelli with this species, 



* N.B. All these genera occur in Guiana and also in the Amazonas. 

 t Concerning this section see our paper on Mr. Wallace's collections, P. Z. S 

 1867, p. 506. 



