520 LORD WALDEN ON PHILIPPINE BIRDS. [June 3, 



known German naturalist. During that short period this indefatig- 

 able collector obtained a large series of ornithological specimens, 

 representing ninety-six species. The islands visited by him were 

 Luzon, Negros, Zebu, Cuyo, and Guimaras, the last being a small 

 island adjoining the southern coast of Panay, and lying in the 

 channel which separates Panay from Negros. Hitherto most of the 

 authentic so-called Philippine specimens of birds contained in Euro- 

 pean collections have been procured in Luzon, collected at no very 

 great distance from the town of Manilla, its capital ; and nearly all 

 the zoological travellers who have visited the Philippines have 

 confined their researches to the vicinity of that town. It follows, 

 consequently, that ' the Philippines,' so frequently occurring as a 

 geographical expression in our lists, from the days of Brisson to the 

 recent date of Mr. G. R. Gray's ■ Hand-list,' must be taken to mean 

 the country adjacent to the town of Manilla. To this rule Sonnerat 

 is an exception. 



" After residing at Manilla, and forming collections in the interior 

 of Luzon, Sonnerat visited Antigua, the capital of the island of 

 Panay, and then Zamboanga, the chief Spanish settlement in the 

 large island of Mindanao. Panay does not seem to have been re- 

 visited by any ornithologist*; but in 1839, D'Urville's second ex- 

 pedition in the ' Astrolabe ' remained two months at Zamboanga, 

 and obtained a few zoological specimens. 



" It is possible that the late Mr. Hugh Cuming may have visited all 

 these localities and many others during his long residence in the 

 Philippines ; but as his large collection of birds was broken up 

 without being catalogued, and as they were brought to Europe at a 

 time when geographical distribution attracted less attention than 

 now, we possess no published record of the exact localities where his 

 specimens were obtainedf. 



" After Sonnerat fifty-eight years appear to have elapsed before the 

 Philippines were again visited by an ornithologist, when in 1829 

 Kittlitz touched at Manilla, and there procured several undescribed 

 species. Since that date Manilla has been visited from time to time 

 by different travellers and exploring expeditions, and new species 

 have been obtained, which on being brought to Europe have been 

 described and named J. In 18/1 new ground was broken by Mr. 

 L. C. Layard, who made a small collection of birds in the islands of 

 Negros and Guimaras §; and, lastly, Dr. A. Bernhard Meyer has 

 explored the equally unknown island of Zebu. Dr. Meyer having 

 with great courtesy placed the great bulk of his collections at my 



* At least there does not appear to be any published record of Panay having 

 been again visited, although Mr. Cassin (U.S. Exp. Exped. p. 143) certainly 

 enumerates an example of Irena cyanogastra as having been obtained in this 

 island. 



t A large portion of his ornithological collection was made in the southern 

 part of the island of Luzon {cf P. Z. S. 1839, p. 93) ; but it has since become 

 scattered, and the individual specimens cannot now be identified. 



\ For a full account of the principal ornithological collectors in the Philip- 

 pines, cf. Dr. v. Martens. Journ. f. Orn. 1866, p. 5. 



§ Cf. Ibis, 1872. p. 93. 



