1873.] LORD WALDEN ON PHILIPPINE BIRDS. 521 



disposal, it was my original intention to confine myself to a bare 

 catalogue of its contents ; but, it having been suggested to me that 

 a complete list of the known Philippine * birds would prove 

 more generally useful, and would supply a want much felt in the 

 ornithological literature of the Indian region, I have ventured, with 

 much diffidence, to prepare this catalogue of authentic Philippine 

 birds. It is true that a valuable list of the Philippine birds has 

 already been published in 1866 by Dr. Eduard v. Martens t, from 

 which I have derived the greatest assistance ; still in it several 

 authentic species are omitted, in some instances titles belonging to 

 the same are treated as belonging to distinct species, and moreover 

 some new species have been discovered and described since Dr. v. 

 Martens wrote. Nor in the somewhat intricate synonymy is the 

 subject in all instances exhaustively dealt with ; and it has been one 

 of my objects to endeavour to fix on a firm basis the nomenclature of 

 all the birds known to possess a Philippine origin. 



" The literature of the subject practically commenced with 

 Brisson %, who in his well known work published original descrip- 

 tions of many species said to have been obtained in the Philippines. 

 Most of these are true Philippine species ; but several of them were 

 obtained in other parts of the world, and have no claim to a 

 Philippine habitat. 



" The next, and certainly the most important, writer was the 



* I restrict the Philippines to that group of islands which is separated from 

 Northern Borneo by the Balabac Strait and the Sea of Mindoro, exclusive of the 

 Sooloo archipelago, and from Celebes by the Sea of Celebes. It may be 

 necessary, when the fauna of the Sooloo archipelago is better known, to include 

 it also within the Philippine area ; but, on the other hand, when the fauna of the 

 island of Palawan has been investigated, that may have to be separated from the 

 Philippine area. The positions both of Palawan and of the Sooloo Islands (at 

 present all but zoological blanks) are of the highest geographical interest ; for 

 Palawan, stretching out for 260 miles, unites the northernmost point of Borneo 

 to Luzon through the Calamines, and the island of Mindoro and the islands of 

 the Sooloo archipelago form a succession of connecting links between Mindanao 

 and the most north-east point of Borneo, 

 t Journ. f. Orn. 1866, pp. 8-31. 



I No titles were founded on the Jesuit Camel's well-known paper, " De 

 Avibus Plulippensibus." The following is a list of the principal authors who 

 have written on Philippine ornithology :— 

 Brisson, M. J. Ornithologia (1760). 

 Sonneeat. Voy. a la Nouvelle Guinee (1776). 

 V. Kittlitz. Memoires presentes a l'Acad. Imp. Sc. de St. Petersb. vol. ii. 



(1833). Kupfertafeln z. Naturgesch. d. Vogel (1832-33). Liitke, Voy. 



autour du Monde (Postels), vol. iii. (1836). 

 Vigors, p. Z. S. 1831. 



J. R Meyen. Nov. Act. C. L. C. Nat. Cur. vol. xvi. suppl. prim. (1834). 

 Eydoux et Souleyet. Voy. autour du Monde sur la Bonite. Zoologie, vol. i. 



(1841). 

 Peale. Zool. Un. St. Exp. Exped. Vincennes, 1st edition (1848). 

 Jacquinot & Puciierax. Voy. au Pole Sud, TAstrolabe et la Zelee. Zoolugie, 



vol. iii. (1853). 

 Cassin. Unit. St. Exp. Exped. Vincennes. Ornith. 2nd edition (1858). 

 E. v. Martens. Preussische Exped. nach Ost-Asien. Zool. (I860). Journal 



fur Ornithologie (1866). 

 Waldex & Layaep. Ibis. 1871, p. 03. 



