1873.] LORD WALSINGHAM ON NORTH-AMERICAN DEER. 563 



the sunny slopes at the edge of the deep snow-line during the winter ; 

 and I have seen, upon the same hills, but rather more frequenting 

 the clumps of firs and of Cupressus, as many as two hundred or more 

 of Cervus macrotis in a single day. 



On the opposite side of the river is a higher and more thickly 

 timbered ridge, separating the two forks of the John Day's, upon 

 which are to be found at certain seasons a considerable number of 

 Cervus canadensis. 



After experiencing great difficulty, owing to the severe snow-storms 

 and the depth of the slightly crusted snow, I was able to fall in 

 with a few scattered members of the large herds, which had left 

 tracks on their journey west, and to secure one fine head. 



In the spring, going from Camp Watson to Fort Dalles, on the 

 Columbia river, Ovis montana and Antilocapra americana only were 

 to be met with, except about the head of Bridge Creek, where we 

 found Cervus macrotis, now beginning to return in large numbers, 

 having for the most part shed their horns. 



After this time, following down the Columbia river to Portland, 

 and through the Willamette valley south, I reached in June the 

 Rogue-River Mountains and the Siskiyon range, and struck out on 

 to the coast at Crescent City. In both these ranges Cervus colum- 

 bianus was the only Deer I saw ; but C. canadensis certainly does 

 occur in places, although now gradually becoming exterminated. 

 Bears are also very abundant ; but Ursus horribilis (the Grizzly Bear) 

 was not to be found ; and, indeed, I have only on two or three occa- 

 sions met with the track of this species (which is easily distinguish- 

 able), once on Mount Shasta, once on the Cascade Range, and 

 subsequently in Humboldt County, and have failed in every attempt 

 to obtain a specimen. 



Passing south along the coast from Crescent City to Eureka, I 

 saw again Cervus canadensis, and what I suppose to be only a small 

 variety of C. columbianus, which here seems to attain a growth very 

 much inferior to those in the neighbourhood of Mount Shasta and 

 the Nevada range. The horns have seldom more than four points 

 each ; and I have heard it suggested that the species is different. I 

 very much regret that my opportunities of preserving skeletons of 

 Cervus columbianus were neglected, in the hope of more convenient 

 ones occurring, and that I was thus deprived of the pleasure of add- 

 ing specimens of it to my collection, which is now at the Cambridge 

 Anatomical Museum. 



I have, however, skins of all the animals mentioned in this paper, 

 showing the summer and winter coats of some of them. 



I ought, perhaps, to add that the hunters who were with me re- 

 ported two varieties of Black-tailed Deer about the head of Trinity 

 River, and in the distiict south-west of Mount Shasta — the mountain 

 variety having very fine horns, often with a great many points, but 

 being lighter in average weight than that which was to be found 

 on the lower levels and about the banks of the streams. These latter 

 were said to have shorter limbs, and not usually such good heads ; 

 but the evidence on this subject was not conclusive or reliable. 



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