666 MR. H. J. ELWES ON THE GEOGRAPHICAL, [Julie 17, 



Grandala ccelicolor. Paradoxornis guttaticollis-=- 

 Oreocincla mollissima. fiavirostris 1 



Trochalopteron blythii=affinel Heteromorpha unicolor. 



Suya striata. Conostoma cemodium. 



Tribura luteiventris. Henicurus scouleri. 



Hodgsonius phcenicuroides. Cinclus cashmeriensis. 



Tarsiger chrysceus. Nucifraga hemispila. 



Pnoepyga squamata. Garrulus bispecularis. 



Abrornis affinis. Fringilauda nemoricola. 



Regulus himalayanus. Procarduelis nipalensis. 



Lophophanes dichrous. Carpodacus edwardsii 1 



castaneiventrisl Pyrrhula erithacus. 



Allotrius xanthochloris. Mycerobas melanoxanthos. 



Alcippe cinerea= nipalensis ? Hesperiphona affinis. 



Accentor nipalensis. Alsocomus hodgsoni. 



immaculatus. Macropygia tusalia. 



Tuhina nigrimentum. Lerwa nivicola. 



gularis. 



Formosa. 



Owing to the residence of Mr. Swinhoe in the island of Formosa 

 for a considerable time, the ornithology of that island has been very 

 thoroughly explored ; and though it is quite possible that in the 

 highest mountains of the interior some novelties still remain unde- 

 scribed, we possess a more accurate knowledge of the birds of this 

 island than of any other in the east, except perhaps Ceylon. The 

 climate and physical geography, as described by Mr. Swinhoe, seem 

 to resemble those of the E. Himalayas considerably ; and it is no 

 doubt partly owing to the heavy rainfall and forest-clad mountains 

 that the zoological resemblance is so striking. 



An examination of the list of birds which was given by Mr. 

 Swinhoe in the 'Ibis' for 1863, and increased by his later additions 

 in the List of Chinese Birds (P. Z. S. 1871, p. 337), shows that, with 

 the exception of four genera, three of which are peculiar to China 

 and one peculiar to the island, every genus found in Formosa is also 

 found in the E. Himalayas. 



Many genera which are not found in the Malayan subregion, as 

 Herpornis, Sibia, Suthora, Urocissa, Suya, Spizixos, appear in the 

 mountains of Formosa, as well as others, such as Pomatorhinus, 

 Garrulax, Alcippe, Myiocincla, Myiophonus, which are much more 

 characteristic of the Himalayan than of the Malayan subregion. 



The number of peculiar species is considerable, and shows that For- 

 mosa has probably been separated from the mainland for a long period. 



I have annexed a list of these species, gathered from Mr. Swin- 

 hoe's papers, with the nearest allies of many of them, in order to 

 show the close affinity which Formosa has to Sikim. An exami- 

 nation of the list of Formosan birds shows 144 species belonging to 

 102 genera: — 



Genera found in the Himalayan subregion 98 



Genera found in the Malayan subregion 70 



