668 MR. H. J. ELWES ON THE GEOGRAPHICAL [June 1 7, 



have been expected, viz. that the number of peculiar species is not so 

 large as in Formosa, and that the Himalayan element, though still 

 decidedly strong, is not so marked as in that island. No doubt in the 

 mountains of the interior (which rise to a height of 7000 feet) many 

 unknown birds of Himalayan affinities are found ; for as in the fourteen 

 days that Mr. Swinhoe spent among them a large proportion of new 

 species were procured, any one who has had experience of collecting 

 in tropical forests will know that a good many more must have 

 escaped his gun. 



The following species, only hitherto found in Formosa, also occur in 

 Hainan : — Picus kaleensis, Graucalus rexpineti, Psaropholus ardens. 



The following common Indo-Malayan genera occur in Hainan, but 

 are wanting in Formosa — JEthopyga, Arachnechthra, Dicceum, Mi- 

 cropternus, Palceornis, Zanclostomus, Centropus, Artamus, Macro- 

 pygia, Carpophaga ; whilst the following, found in Formosa, are 

 absent in Hainan (all, it will be observed, of Palsearctic or Himalayan 

 type, except the last two, which very possibly exist in Hainan also) — 

 Myiophonus, Sibia, Alcippe, Myiomela, Chaptia, Snya, Sitta, Urocissa, 

 Garrulus, Palumbus, Horeites, Bulaca, Cinclus, Phasianus, Ampelis, 

 Geeinus, Pitta, Euplocamus. 



An examination of the list of birds collected in Hainan by Mr. 

 Swinhoe ('Ibis,' 1870) shows 130 species, belonging to 96 genera, 

 of which 86 genera, or 89 per cent., are also found in the Malayan 

 subregion, and all but three (namely, Xanthopygia, Cyanoptila, and 

 Leucodiopterori) in the Himalaya. 



54 species belong to genera of very wide distribution ; 

 59 species belong to genera characteristic of the Indo-Malay 



region ; 

 1 6 species belong to genera characteristic of the Palseartic 



region. 



The following species are peculiar to Hainan : — 



Cypselus tinus allied to C. batassiensis. 



Micropternus holroydi .... „ M.fokiensis. 



Megalcema faber „ M. nuchalis. 



j&thopyga christinee. 



Arachnechthra rhizophorce „ A. fiamm axillaris. 



Dicceum minullum. 



Volvocivora salurata „ V. lugubris. 



Buchanga innexa „ B. leucogenys. 



Garrulax monachus 



Pomatorhiuus nigrostellatus „ P. stridulus. 



Hypsipetes perniger „ H. nigerrimus. 



Hemixus castanonotus .... ,, H. flavala. 



Criniger pallidus „ C.Jiaveolus. 



Ixus hainanus „ J. sinensis. 



Phyllornis lazulina „ P. hardwickii. 



Herpornis tyrannulus .... ,, H. xantholeuca. 



Osmotreron domvillei „ O. bicincta. 



