722 DR. J. E. GRAY ON THE SKULLS AND [Nov. 4, 



Hab. ? 



Obs. In the specimen before me, which is the only one I have 

 seen, the plaits or folds on the columella appear to be six or seven, 

 through the intersection of the transverse ribs passing into the in- 

 terior. 



DESCEIPTION OP PLATE LIX. 



Pig. 1. Cyclostoma balteatum, p. 718. 



2. filo-striatum, p. 718. 



3. ■ consanguineum, p. 718. 



4. Typhis expansus, p. 719. 



5. Eutrochus alternatus, p. 719. 



6. Tornatella alba, p. 720. 



7. Pyramidella canaliculata, p. 720. 



8. Pleurotoma (Drillia) brunneomaculata, p. 720. 



9. (Drillia) strigata, p. 720. 



10. Cardium arcuatulim, p. 721. 



11. Comes racemosus, p. 721. 



12. Cancellaria turrita, p. 721. 



P.S. The Pleurotomce, Cone, and Pyramidella above described were 

 from the collection of the late M. F rick (French Consul at Honolulu), 

 who collected in the Sandwich Islands and also in California. It is 

 probable that the Cone and Pyramidella were collected by him in 

 the former, and the Pleurotomce (Drillice) in the latter locality. 



The Typhis was found in the collection of the late Thomas Norris 

 without any information as to locality. 



The Eutrochus is, I think, in all probability an Australian shell. 



Of the habitat of the Cancellaria I have no information. If I 

 might be permitted to prophesy, I should say it would be discovered 

 some day in the north of China. 



10. On the Skulls and Alveolar Surfaces of Land-Tortoises 

 (Testudinata). By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S. &c. 



[Keceived September 15, 1873.] 

 (Plate LX.) 



Zoologists have generally been satisfied with regarding the Land- 

 Tortoises as a single genus — except in separating the species that 

 have only a rudimentary and clawless fifth toe on the front foot, as 

 in Testudinella and Homopus, or where the front lobe of the sternum 

 is mobile, as in Pyxis, or the hinder lobe of the back more or less 

 movable, as in Kinixys. I ventured to separate Scapia on account 

 of the peculiarity of the form of the skull, and long ago to separate 

 the skull of Testudo planiceps from that of I 7 , indica, although I had 

 never seen the skulls, or at least did not then know that it was the 

 skull of Testudo elephantopus from Galapagos. 



The acquiring of the skeletons and skulls of additional species of 

 Tortoises has shown the excellent characters which the skulls afford 



