nN 
to 
NATURE 
[ May 4, 1899 
on August 16 and 17, 1898, with exposures of 60m. and 122m. 
respectively. 
The position is nearly the same on the two plates taken on 
August 16, but on August 17 it followed this position 33”, and 
was south 19", while on August 18 it followed 72”, south 43”. 
Its motion was direct, and: less than that of Saturn, though 
nearly in the same direction. It cannot, therefore, be an 
asteroid, but must either be a satellite of Saturn or a more 
distant outside planet. The proximity of Saturn renders the 
first supposition much more probable. On August 17 the posi- 
tion angle from Saturn was 106°, and the distance 1480’. 
Assuming that it was at elongation, and that its orbit is cir- 
cular, its period would be 400 days, or five times that of Japetus. 
It was at first identified with a very faint object found on plates 
taken in 1897, and the -period of seventeen months: was 
derived from them. This supposition has not been confirmed. 
Measurements of the positions of the images give additional 
material for determining the form of the orbit.) The method of 
measurement is that described in the Aznais, vol. xxvi. p. 236. 
The uncorrected positions of the four images referred to the 
first plate of August 16 as an origin, are forsw;0"'0, +12 
,and +718; fory, 00, —1"7, —198y'and +42" 
the corresponding Greenwich mean times are -r2h. 
14h. 18m., 12h. 56m., and 13h. 12m. Correcting for‘ the 
motion of Saturn, the relative motion with reference to that body 
is in x, 0”'0, —2"4, —10'°7, and — 22”'0} in 9370%-0}"Ho""r; 
+24, and +2’9. It appears from this that the apparent 
motion is about 10’’"4 a day, at a distance of 1480". ~'A com- 
putation shows that if the orbit is circular, the period must 'be 
either 4200 or 490 days, according as the satellite is near con- 
junction or elongation. These values may be greatly altered if 
the orbit is elliptical. Since the interval of time between the 
first and last photographs on which the satellite appears‘is only 
two days, it is impossible to predict its position with accuracy. 
It is probable that its position angle from Saturn now'lies be- 
tween 280° and 290°, and its distance between 20’ and 30’. 
These uncertainties will probably be greatly diminished from 
measures of plates of Saturn taken in Arequipa on September 
15, 16, and 17, 1898, which for some unexplained reason’ have 
not yet been received in Cambridge. we 
The direction of the motion, which is nearly towards Saturn, 
shows that the apparent orbit is a very elongated ellipse, and that 
it lies nearly in the plane of the ecliptic. Prof. Asaph Hall has 
pointed out that this is to be expected ina body so distant 
from Saturn. The attraction of the latter only slightly exceeds 
that of the sun. Hyperion appears as a conspicuous object on 
all four of the plates, and the new satellite appears about a 
magnitude and a half fainteron each. The approximate magni- 
tude is therefore about 15°5. As seen from Saturn, it would 
appear as a faint star of about the sixth magnitude. Assuming 
that its reflecting power is the same as that of Titan, its diameter 
would be about two hundred miles. It will, therefore, be 
noticed that while it is probably the faintest body yet found in 
the solar system, it is also the largest discovered since the inner 
satellites of Uranus in 1851. The last discovery of a satellite of 
Saturn was made in September 1848 by Prof. William C. 
Bond, then director of this Observatory, and his son, Prof. 
George P. Bond. The satellite Hyperion was seen by the son 
on September 16 and r8, but its true character was first recog- 
nised on September 19, when its position was measured by both 
father and son (see Azzads, ii. p. 12). Soon afterwards it was 
discovered independently by Lassell, at Liverpool. 
Prof. William H. Pickering, as the discoverer, suggests that the 
name Pheebe, a sister of Saturn, be given to the new satellite. 
Three of the satellites—Tethys, Dione, and Rhea—have already 
been named for Saturn’s sisters, and two, Hyperion and Japetus, 
for his brothers. 
a Alls 
avels; 
UNIVERSITY AND EDUCATIONAL 
INTELLIGENCE. 
CAMBRIDGE.—The following are the speeches delivered on 
April 27 by the Public Orator, Dr. Sandys, in presenting (1) 
Prof. Sir William Turner and (2) the Rev. Prof. Wiltshire, for 
the honorary degree of Doctor in Science :-— 
(1) Virum regni totius medicorum concilio praepositum, 
virum honoribus academicis plurimis cumulatum, etiam noster 
NO. 1540, VOL. 60] 
Senatus titulo suo decorare anno proximo decrevit. Inter Lan- 
castrienses natus, inter Londinienses educatus, inter Edinenses, 
medicinae in’ schola celeberrima, quam tot coloniae Britannicae 
studiorum meédicorum quasi pytpdroAw venerantur, anatomiae 
scientiam per annos plus quam triginta praeclare professus, non 
modo Universitati suae aedificiis novis instruendae operam 
insignem dedit, sed etiam studiorum suorum actis per seriem 
edendis iamdudum maxima cum laude praefuit. Idem, rerum 
naturae spoliis olim in Britanniam feliciter reportatis, Austral- 
asiae praesertim anthropologiam opere in magno accuratissime 
expositam luculenter illustravit. Nuper societatis Britannicae 
scientiarum finibus proferendis praeses in annum proximum 
designatus, ab eadém disputationibus de anthropologiae scientia 
etiam inter Canadenses habendis haud ita pridem praepositus, 
hominum omhium plausus propterea praesertim meritus est, 
quod simiarum'‘superbiam recentem repressit et generis humani 
dignitatem veterem denuo vindicavit. 
Duco ad vos generis humani vindicem, equitem insignem, 
anatomiae professorem illustrem, WILLELMUM TURNER. 
(2) Unus ex alumnis nostris, societatis geologicae, astro- 
nomicae, Linnaeanae socius, idcirco praesertim inter peritos 
laudatur, quod ‘palaeontographicae societatis in usum, palae, 
ontologiae studiosorum ad fructum, aevi prioris monumenta a 
rerum natura in saxis impressa, non sine summo ingenio et 
labore illustrata; per annos plurimos litterarum monumentis 
mandaverit. Idem Universitatem nostram beneficio singulari _ 
ad sese devinxit, quod non modo bibliothecdm suam, sed etiam 
vitae antiquae relliquias veteres in saxis conservatas et saxorum 
inter'se diversorum exempla quam plurima, nuper nobis in per- 
petuum donavit.’ Illa vero exempla omnia, olim inter Londin- 
ienses in Collegio Regali professor, docendi praesertim in 
commodum collegerat, cum Horatio (ut videtur) arbitratus — 
‘*demissa per aurem quam quae sunt oculis subiecta’’ animum 
segnius excitare. Etiam ipsa fama liberalitatis tantae nuper 
inter nosmet ipsos inter rerum naturae praesertim studiosos 
animum gratum excitavit. Quanto magis iuvat Universitatem — 
totam liberalitatis tantae auctorem ipsum hodie oculis suis red- 
ditum et auspiciis optimis praesentem contemplari. Qui prioris 
aevi tot exempla nobis donavit, ipse nostro in saeculo munifi- 
centiae in Universitatem nostram ab aliis imitandum praebuit 
exemplum. 
Praesento vobis geologiae professorem emeritum, virum 
de rerum naturae  studiis' praeclare meritum, THOMAM 
WILTSHIRE. E 
Prof.. A. Cornu, of the Ecole Polytechnique of Paris, has 
been appointed),Rede Lecturer for the present year. The 
lecture will: be delivered in the Senate House on June 1, 
as a part of the proceedings relating to the jubilee of Sir 
G. G. Stokes. On the same evening, a conversazione will be 
held in the Fitzwilliam Museum. Next day an address from 
the University and a commemorative gold medal will be pre- 
sented to the veteran Lucasian professor. The guests of the 
University will be received by the Chancellor, and certain 
honorary degrees will be conferred. A garden-party at Pem- 
broke College, and a State dinner in the evening, will close the 
festivities. 
Prof. Macalister announces three lectures of an historical 
character, on eponymous structures in human anatomy, on 
May 9, 13, and 16. 
University tables are vacant at the Naples and the Plymouth 
Zoological Stations. Applications are to be sent to Prof. Newton 
by June 1. 
Tue Times makes the following announcement :—‘* We 
understand that Mr. Passmore Edwards has intimated his 
intention of giving 10,0007. upon trust to equip a school and 
building for the teaching of economics and commercial science 
in the New London University. The Trustees, who are to 
carry out the trust and offer the building when ready to the 
new University Senate, are the Bishop of London, Mr. Sidney 
Webb, and Mr. Haldane, Q.C., M.P. The work of the 
London School of Economics will probably be continued there. 
Further endowments will, of course, be wanted for chairs of 
banking, commercial history and geography, commercial law, 
insurance and other special subjects, and this munificent gift 
by Mr. Passmore Edwards should encourage other wealthy 
Londoners to imitate his generosity.” 
