JUNE 15, 1899] 
affirmed that these “tuberculous antitoxines” had no 
poisonous action. Prof. Maragliano concluded by con- 
sidering the harmful influence of pregnancy upon phthisis, 
and recommended it, when occurring in a phthisical 
person, to be terminated artificially. Many other inter- 
esting papers, for which we cannot find room here, were 
read in this section. 
Section V.imSanatorium Treatment.—Since this tuber- 
culosis congress was the first of its kind, it is difficult, if 
not incorrect, to speak of any part of it as being a novel 
feature, but the relative newness of the sanatorium treat- 
ment of consumption rendered this Section the most in- 
teresting one of the whole congress. As these notes are 
intended for lay as well as professional readers, perhaps 
it would not be waste of time and space to discuss what 
is meant by the sanatorium treatment. It seems to the 
writer that all that is meant by sanatorium treatment is 
the placing of patients suffering from phthisis in its dif- 
ferent stages in an institution or house where they can 
be constantly watched by skilled doctors, and where 
every appliance for rest and exercise and amusement in 
pure and dry open air, forced feeding (“‘ubernahrung”), and 
hydrotherapy exist. So much has been said about open- 
air tréatment, Nordrach treatment, and so on, that the 
more general one’s remarks are here the better. If a 
personal name is to be attached to sanatorium treatment 
it ought to be that of Brehmer, whose book still remains 
the classic and, indeed, to all intents and purposes the 
only book upon the subject. If it is wished to label this 
treatment with the name of a place, it ought to be called 
the G6rbersdorf treatment, for there in Upper Silesia 
Brehmer founded his institution, and there it thrives to- 
day. It must always be remembered that open air is, 
although an important part, only a part of the whole, in- 
sistance upon the food question, and proper and suitable 
medicines, including alcohol, and above all, the adapt- 
ation of all these means to the daily and even hourly 
fluctuations of the patient, are essential factors in the 
sanatorium treatment. 
The subject matter of the Section was introduced by a 
paper of Prof. Leyden’s, who sketched the development 
of the sanatorium question. Herr Schmieden (Berlin) 
read a paper upon the building and arrangement of 
sanatoria. Dr. Schultzer (Berlin) discussed the arrange- 
ment, management and results of sanatorium treatment. 
The author reckoned the cost of a sanatorium for 120 beds 
at 3s. per diem per patient. He pointed out that the re- 
sults obtainable from treatment could be greatly improved 
by the construction of intermediate sanatoria, to which 
patients almost cured could go and get occupation while 
being still, to some extent, under treatment. Dr. Edward 
Kaurin gave an interesting account of the sanatoria for 
tuberculous patients in Norway. The largest sanatorium 
is situated on the sea coast, and apparently great attention 
is paid to diet, for each patient consumes more than two 
quarts of milk’ per diem, and about three ounces of butter, 
in addition to his ordinary meals. The cost per head is 
1:20 kronen. Prof. Ewald treated the subject of sanatoria 
for children. Dr. Rufenacht Walters read a paper on 
the hygienic dietetic treatment of phthisis in Great 
Britain. The author emphasised the fact that open-air 
treatment, combined with increased diet, had long been 
practised in this country with success. He described 
shortly the hospitals, convalescent homes, &c., where this 
treatment had been followed. He pointed out the im- 
portance of the modern movement in this country for 
systematising the struggle against tuberculosis, and con- 
cluded with a few pregnant remarks concerning climate 
in the treatment of tuberculosis, and the necessity for 
improving the general mode of life of tuberculous patients. 
Dr. Sinclair Coghill made a communication upon the treat- 
ment of phthisis, in which he described the National 
Hospital for Consumption at Ventnor and the methods 
practised there. 
NO. 1546, VOL. 60] 
WATORE 
MG) 
Many other papers followed in this Section, giving the 
results at sanatoria situated in the most varied regions, 
and also discussing the difficulties to be met with and 
overcome in each country in impressing the hygienic 
treatment of tuberculosis upon the populace in general. 
National prejudice and customs, to some extent, perhaps, 
masked in robust health by the voluntary control of the 
individual, come very obviously to the surface in disease. 
The German, disciplined from the cradle to the grave, 
finds it much less hard to submit to the strict régime of 
the sanatorium than the Englishman, in whose eyes, 
perhaps, the advantages of individual liberty are some- 
what over-estimated. 
In these notes, filled with the business of the congress, 
no space is available even to enumerate its pleasures ; 
suffice it to say that the congressists found ample re- 
creation provided for them by the respective authorities 
in the evening, and returned refreshed by it to their 
somewhat depressing subject-matter in the morning. 
F. W. TUNNICLIFFE. 
NOTES. 
THE award of the sixth De Morgan medal was made by the 
Council of the London Mathematical Society on Thursday last, 
June 8. The medallist is Prof. W. Burnside, F.R.S., and the 
ground of his selection was for his researches in mathematics, par- 
ticularly in the theory of groups of finite order. 
THE death_is announced of Dr. L. A. Charpentier, Professor 
and Fellow of the Faculty of Medicine, Paris, and member of 
the Academy of Medicine. 
Tue German Imperial School for the study of tropical 
diseases, the establishment of which is due to the suggestion of 
Prof. Koch, is to be settled at Hamburg. 
Mr. W. MarrinDALeE has been elected president of the 
Pharmacutical Society of Great Britain. 
Mr. STANDEN, Government Quinologist, Madras, has been 
deputed to visit Java to study the system of planting cinchona 
and manufacturing quinine there, and will therefore be absent 
for some months. It is proposed by the Madras Government 
to considerably extend the cinchona plantations on the Nilgiris, 
and a large area has recently been cleared close to the Pykara 
Falls. 
Mr. H. J. MACKINDER, reader in geography at the Uni- 
versity of Oxford, has just left England in charge of an 
expedition, the object of which is to make a thorough study 
of Mount Kenia, in British East Africa. 
As already announced, the autumn meeting of the Iron and 
Steel Institute will be held at Manchester on August 15-18. The 
preliminary programme shows that numerous visits to engineer- 
ing and other industrial establishments have been arranged. 
Receptions will be given by the Lord Mayor of Manchester 
and the Mayor of Salford. A detailed programme will be 
issued when the local arrangements are further advanced. This 
programme will contain a list of the papers that are expected to 
be read. 
Tue Société helvétique des Sciences naturelles will meet at 
Neuchatel on July 31-August 2. On the first day, discourses 
will be delivered by the president, Prof. Maurice de Tribolet, 
Prof. Roux, Dr. C. E. Guillaume, and Dr. L. Wehrli. On the 
following day, the various sections will meet, and on August 2 
there will be discourses by Prof. Schroter, Dr. Morin, and Prof. 
R. de Girard. A number of excursions have been arranged, 
and there is every promise of the meeting being a successful one. 
The secretary is Prof. Dr. Henri Rivier, Neuchatel, Vieux- 
Chatel rr. 
