228 
bibliography of the scientific literature bearing on each 
excursion. Most of the excursions start late enough to 
allow members who have been present at the British Asso- 
ciation meeting at Dover to attend them, and they all 
terminate at Berlin in time for the feast of welcome. 
They are as follows :— 
(1) Siebengebirge, Rhine, Eifel, Moselle, from Sep- 
tember 19 to 25, under the guidance of Prof. Bonn and 
Drs. Philippson and Kaiser. 
(2) Taunus, Rhine, Nahe, Lahn, from September 21 
to 26, conducted by Prof. Sievers, of Giessen. 
(3) The Vosges, from September 21 to 25, led by 
Profs. Gerland and Weigand, starting from Strassburg. 
(4) Thuringia, from September 23 to 27, conducted by 
Profs. Walther and Regel. 
(5) The Island of Rtgen, from September 22 to 27, 
starting from Greifswald, led by Profs. Credner, Cohen, 
and Deecke. 
‘5) East and West Prussia, starting from K6nigsberg, 
and led by Profs. Jentzsch and Conwentz, from September 
22 to 27. 
(7) Glacial excursions in the North German Plain 
will be made to Riidersdorf, near Berlin, on October 1, 
and from Hamburg along the Baltic shores, from 
October 7 to 11, under the charge of Prof. Wahnschaffe 
and Drs. Keilhack and Miller. 
All communications as to the Congress or the ex- 
cursions should be addressed to ““The Seventh Inter- 
national Geographical Congress, 90 Zimmerstrasse, 
Berlin, S.W.” 
SCIENCE AT THE WOMEN’S INTER- 
NATIONAL CONGRESS. 
Pee Science Section of the Women’s Congress was 
held at the Small Hall in the Westminster Town 
Hall on Thursday, June 29, with Mrs. Ayrton in the 
chair, in the presence of a large and attentive audience. 
The proceedings were divided into two classes—the work 
of women in the physical sciences, and the work for women 
in the b ological sciences. Astronomy was represented 
by Mlle. Klumpke, head of one of the departments at 
the Paris Observatory; geology by Miss Raisin, of 
Bedford College ; chemistry by Miss Dorothy Marshall, 
of Girton College ; bacteriology by Mrs. Percy Frankland ; 
and botany and zoology by Miss Ethel Sargant. The 
work already accomplished by women in these various 
branches of science was dealt with by most of the 
speakers, as also the openings for women who desire 
to take up science as a profession. Mrs. Ayrton, in the 
course of her interesting and able address, pointed out 
that there was an important outlet for the work of women 
at the present time in the manufacture of electrical 
apparatus, the demand for electrical instruments being so 
great that manufacturers were not able to cope with it, 
and an opportunity was now offered for women with the 
necessary education, energy and capital to start a factory 
for this purpose. The subject of research work was also 
discussed, and stress was laid upon the fact that, inasmuch 
as the majority of students who take up science do so 
either as an avenue to a degree or with the idea of 
earning a livelihood by teaching later on, their training 
was as a rule insufficient and quite inadequate to 
permit them to undertake independent original work ; 
whilst on the other hand the demands upon their time 
made by teaching was so great as to leave practically no 
leisure for higher work, even when they were qualified 
to do it. Until this condition of things is altered, and 
until more women are attracted towards science for its 
own sake, and not as a means to an end, the contribution 
of women in the shape of original work must necessarily 
be limited. It was highly satisfactory to find that, in the 
open discussion which followed, an attempt on the part 
NO. 1549, VOL. 60] 
Na ORE 
[JuLY 6, 1899 
of two speakers to introduce the question of vivisection 
from the anti-vivisectionist point of view was not tolerated 
by the audience, these speakers being refused a hearing. 
It is not too much to say that the papers contributed 
were worthy both of their subjects and their authors, and 
that there was a refreshing absence of the hackneyed com- 
parison of the relative position and intellectual powers of 
men and women, which has been such a favourite theme 
with so many speakers at this Congress. The next 
International Congress of Women will be held five years 
hence in Berlin. 
NOTES. 
WE notice with much regret the announcement that Sir 
William H. Flower, K.C.B., F.R.S., late Director of the 
Natural History Departments of the British Museum, died on 
Saturday, July 1. 
Tue Albert Medal of the Society of Arts for the present year 
has been awarded by the President and Council to Sir William 
Crookes, F.R.S., ‘* for his extensive and laborious researches in 
chemistry and in physics, researches which have, in many in- 
stances, developed into useful and practical applications in the 
arts and manufactures.”” The Swiney Prize, awarded every fifth 
year for a work on jurisprudence, has been awarded to Dr. 
Dixon Mann for his book on ‘‘ Forensic Medicine and Toxi- 
cology.” 
Ar the annual meeting of the Société nationale d’Acclimat- 
ation de France the Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire Grand Silver 
Medal was awarded to Prof. J. Cossar Ewart, of the University 
of Edinburgh, for his zebra hybrid work, and to Miss Eleanor 
A. Ormerod for her work in entomology. 
Pror. Morssan has been elected a foreign member of the 
German Electro-chemical Society. 
THE Premier of Queensland has announced that he intends 
to ask the Queensland Parliament to grant 1ooo/. in aid of the 
proposed Antarctic exploration expedition. 
A Crvit List Pension of 602 per annum has been granted to 
Mrs. Kanthack ‘‘in consideration of the eminent services 
rendered to science by her late husband, Dr. A. A. Kanthack, 
professor of pathology in Cambridge University.” 
At Berlin, on June 27, Prof. Virchow opened the new patho- 
logical museum which bears his name and has been built under 
his superintendence. It has cost about 560,000 marks, and 
contains a collection of more than 20,000 specimens, collected 
almost wholly by Prof. Virchow himself, and representing the 
history of pathology during the past half-century. 
WE learn from Scéerce that Mr. Secretary Long has 
appointed a Board of Visitors to examine and report upon 
the U.S. Naval Observatory, to consist of Mr. Wm. E. 
Chandler, Mr. Alston G. Dayton, Prof. Geo. C. Comstock, 
Prof. Geo. E. Hale, and Prof. Edward C. Pickering. 
THE prize of 500 guineas, offered by the Sulphate of Am- 
monia Committee for the best. essay on ‘‘ the utility of sulphate 
of ammonia in agriculture,” has been awarded by the judges— 
Mr. J. Bowen-Jones, of Shrewsbury, and Dr, J. Augustus 
Voelcker, of London—to Mr. James Muir, formerly professor 
at the Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester ; subsequently at 
the Yorkshire College, Leeds; now County Instructor in Agri- 
culture to the Somerset County Council. Seventy-three essays 
were sent in. 
WE learn from the Zamcet that the Senatus Academicus of 
the Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts, which is about 
to commemorate the anniversary of its foundation, has invited 
