SEPTEMBER 7, 1899] 
INABROU RE 
435 
more in touch with the original scope of the work as 
outlined by Dr. Newman himself in the preface. More- 
over, there is much that is suggestive to the mind of the 
bacteriologist seeking for new avenues of research in a 
most important and imperfectly explored field. 
The subject of bacteria in the soil is well dealt with in 
Chapter v., and the author records some of his own inter- 
esting experiments on nitrogen-fixing bacteria. 
Chapters vi., vii. and viii. treat respectively of bacteria 
in milk, milk products and other foods; the question of 
immunity and antitoxins; and bacteria and disease. 
There is much in these chapters which will repay careful 
perusal. D r. Newman very properly draws attention to Dr. 
D.S. Davies’ persevering and instructive investigation of 
- the late epidemic of typhoid fever at Bristol. It is a little 
difficult to measure the author’s meaning when he says: 
“Though the typhoid bacillus appears not to have the 
power of multiplying in milk, it has the faculty of existing 
and thriving in milk.” 
Dr. Newman states that the cause of scarlet fever is 
unknown. Perhaps it would be fairer to say that some 
bacteriologists consider that the proof that Klein’s strepto- 
coccus is the causal agent rests on insufficient grounds. 
The last chapter is devoted to disinfection, and the 
subject is well treated. 
The book is rendered attractive with twenty-four good 
micro-photographs. There are seventy other illustrations ; 
many of these are, as the author admits, diagrammatic. 
In a future edition some, at all events, of these might be 
usefully replaced by micro-photographs. 
In conclusion, it may be said that Dr. Newman has 
successfully accomplished a very difficult task. It is true 
that the author has not altogether fulfilled his original 
intention of eliminating technical matters, and that 
exception may be taken to certain statements as being 
too dogmatic to please the cautious reader and thinker. 
Yet, judging the book as a whole, it may be said that it 
is certain to enhance the writer’s reputation, and will 
surely be welcomed by the numerous readers of the 
publications of the Progressive Science Series. It is to 
be hoped that a demand for this volume may speedily 
call for a second edition. A. C. HOUSTON. 
OUR BOOK SHELF. 
Leitfaden der Kartenentwurfslehre. Von Prof. Dr. 
Karl Zoppritz. Second edition. By Dr. Alois Bludau. 
Erster Theil. Dée Projektionslehre. 
(Leipzig : Teubner, 1899.) 
Dr. BLUDAU, who has devoted much attention to map- 
projections, and has written some noteworthy papers on 
the subject, has lately published the first part of his new 
edition of the well-known work on cartography by Karl 
Zoéppritz. The book has been thoroughly revised and re- 
cast ; and the additional matter is so large as to render 
publication in two parts, issued separately, desirable. 
The first part deals only with the various projections of 
portions of the sphere that have from time to time been 
proposed. Dr. Bludau’s object has been to produce a 
work which should meet the requirements of the present 
day, and be of real service to cartographers. With this 
view those projections which are of practical use are 
fully described, whilst those that may be termed “ fancy ” 
projections are only briefly discussed. Every effort has 
been made to ensure clearness and distinctness, and only 
those mathematical propositions and formule that are 
NO. 1558, VOL. 60] 
Pp. x,+ 178. 
absolutely requisite are given. Dr. Bludau has success- 
fully carried out his programme. The book is well 
written, and will be of great value and assistance to 
those who are practically engaged in the production of 
maps. Every important projection is mentioned with its 
date and the name of its author ; and full use has been 
made of the researches of Tissot, and the published works 
of Profs. Fiorini of Bologna, Hammer and others. Dr. 
Bludau gives a list of the authorities whose writings he 
has consulted, and it may be noted that it does not 
include the name of any Englishman. The subject has 
been much neglected in this country, and nothing of 
any importance has been published since the papers of 
Airy and Clarke, and the well-known little book on the 
construction of maps by Hughes, the last edition of which 
appeared in 1864. Dr. Bludau gives almost without 
alteration the useful hints on drawing which appeared in 
the original “ Leitfaden” of Zéppritz; and there are 
some tables for the construction of projections. Part 11. 
is to deal with topography and cartometry, and to con- 
tain a number of additional tables. | C. W. WILSON. 
The Dog, its External and Internal Organisation. 
Edited by A. C. Piesse, M.R.C.V.S. ; with Anatomical 
Description by W. S. Furneaux. With five plates and 
text cuts. Pp. 31. (London and Liverpool: G, Philip 
and Son.) 
THIS is. an oblong work of 28 pp. of the puzzle-book 
order, with five plates, the parts of which are cut out and 
so arranged in super-position that the reader first skins 
his dog and then works through its skeletal, circulatory, 
and muscular apparatus and viscera, until a median 
longitudinal section is reached. The latter is con- 
spicuous for the delineation 77 szfz of the central nervous 
system, but the entire peripheral system has been 
mysteriously overlooked. 
The first 14 pp. of the text are devoted to a consider- 
ation of the history of the dog and of the leading breeds, 
illustrated by six woodcuts, the remaining 14 pp. to a 
so-called “ Anatomical Description”—in reality an at- 
tempt at a general 7¢szzé of the anatomy and physiology 
of the vertebrate organism with especial reference to the 
dog, the whole concluding with a detailed explanation of 
the plates, the organs and structures represented being 
indicated by numbers. The work is of too thin and 
amateurish a character to merit detailed comment in 
these pages, but while fairly trustworthy so far as it 
goes, it is wanting in balance and accuracy of detail ; 
and in attempting to express scientific facts in non- 
scientific terms the authors at times lapse into a loose- 
ness of expression apt to mislead. 
To define the “Dogs (Canina)” as belonging “to the 
family of Mammalia,” and to indulge in feebly stated 
generalities about the structure of. ganglia and the 
orders of nerve-fibres, to the exclusion of an adequate 
description of the course and nature of the leading nerve 
tracts, is but to confuse the mind. We do not know for 
what class of persons the book is intended. It will be 
useless to the serious student, and of little avail to the 
lay reader, as conveying an accurate idea of the most 
elementary facts. The small modicum of anatomy which 
it contains, interspersed with passing allusions to habit 
and to appearances indicative of disease, will doubtless be 
attractive to some persons, but by those who desire full 
information, such as can alone be of real service edu- 
cationally or otherwise, access must be had to well- 
known authoritative works such as Ellenberger and 
Baume’s “Anatomie des Hundes.” The volume before 
us may perhaps do something to encourage a love of 
the dog and an appreciation of the beautiful in its con- 
struction, leading thus up to the study of the more 
directly useful ; and for this reason we regret the more 
that a bibliographic list of the afore-mentioned authorit- 
ative treatises should not have been given. Without 
one the present work fails in its most useful purpose. 
