CLASS V. ORDER I. IQl 



A large flowering species, very distinct from the other Ameri- 

 can violets. Root fleshy, furnishing the best example we pos- 

 sess of the premorse or abrupt form. Petioles furnished at the 

 base with long, ciliate stipules. Leaves perfectly pedate, con- 

 sisting of from five to nine segments, which are wedge-formed 

 and lanceolate, and mostly toothed at the end, the middle one 

 distinct, the lateral ones connected. Segments of the calyx very 

 long and linear. Petals pale bluish purple, white or yellowish 

 at base, all of them beardless and without striae. Stigma com- 

 pressed, its apex obliquely truncate, perforated. — Woods and dry 

 soils. — May, June. — Perennial. 



Viola sagittata. Ait. Arrmo leaved Violet 



Stemless ; leaves mostly smooth, oblong, heart- 

 arrow shaped, cut at the base, serrate, petals bearded. 

 Leaves in most plants smooth, oblong or ovate, obtuse or 

 acute, bluntly serrate, the lower serratures large and divergent, 

 giving the leaf a hastate appearance. Petals dark purple, white 

 at base, strongly bearded. Flowers rather erect. — In low grounds 

 near the colleges, Cambridge. — May, June. — Perennial. 



Viola ovata. Nutt. Spade leaved Violet 



Stemless; leaves ovate, crenate, hairy; petiole 

 margined. 

 Syn. Viola primulifolia. ? Pursh.- 



This violet grows on dry hills and pastures, and is nearly re- 

 lated to the foregoing, from which it has probably descended un- 

 der the influence of a dry soil. The leaves are hairy on both 

 sides, ovate, sometimes cut at the base like V. sagittata. Flow- 

 ers paler purple, and very numerous. The whole plant is highly 

 mucilaginous. — Common in barren soils. — May.— Perennial. 



Viola cucullata. Ait. Hood leaved Violet. 



Stemless; leaves heart shaped, rolled in at base;, 

 petioles not margined. 

 Si/n. Viola striata. ? Schwcinitz. 



The most common blue violet of our wet meadows and low 



grounds. The leaves> are strongly heart shaped and crenate ;., 

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