52 THE ZOOLOGIST. 
sea 29°. The land of Spitzbergen seen at night, heading EH. 
Many birds and a few Narwhals seen. 
18th. 79° 6'N., 4° 27/E.; wind 8.W.; light air 29°, sea 31°. 
Rotches and Looms very numerous, and water very greasy. 
19th to 22nd. Vast numbers of Looms, Rotches, and Malle- 
mauks, numbers of Dovekies, and a few Hider Ducks, Snow- 
birds, Burgomasters, and a Puffin. 
27th. 79° 44'N., 3°16’ E.; calm. At 5 p.m. reached the 
edge of the Polar barrier, a vast expanse of frozen pack, over 
which no water was to be seen to the northward. 
June 5th to 11th. A Snow-bird caught fed from the hand on 
the second day. On the 6th three Bears were seen; also a flock 
of Brent Geese, five of which were shot by the ‘ Hope.’ Numbers 
of Looms and Narwhals. 
17th. A Beluga or White Whale seen; very unusual in these 
waters. 
20th. Many Hooded Seals were seen, and 250 shot on the 
stream-ice. ‘‘ Unlike the other Pinnipedia, they do not hesitate 
to give battle, and await the approach of a boatful of men with 
apparent indifference. When attacked this Seal inflates his 
hood, which acts as a helmet, then rearing himself majestically 
he prepares to give battle when discretion would be the better 
part of valour. It seems remarkable that this animal should 
have preserved his valour in spite of from fifty to sixty years 
persecution.” 
93rd. 73° 8’ N., 11° 49’ W. ‘“‘Floe-rats” (P. hispida) 
numerous, and foot-prints of Bears seen on the floe, the sea 
containing much Whales’ food. The colour of the water most 
frequented by Whales is green, from pea- and olive-green to 
green shaded with blue and sometimes peacock-blue. Whales 
always prefer the parts of the ocean most rich with food where 
suitable ice is; these spots they seem to search for and there 
congregate. The presence of Whales is often indicated by their 
“blowings”—that is, mucus discharged from their blow-holes. 
Blowings recently discharged shed a film of grease around 
on the water, and a peculiar smell accompanies them. The 
blowings of “‘ Finners”’ differ from those of the “ Right Whale” ; 
they present the appearance of long streaks of yellowish stringy 
matter, easily distinguished from the mucus discharged by the 
Mystecetus, which generally lies in detached spots, and has not 
