210 THE ZOOLOGIST. 
Mr. Millett’s sketch (fig. 1) represents really the two longest 
tentacles side by side, or perhaps all the tentacles drawn 
together by the action of the water. 
The late Mr. A. W. Lloyd, in a very instructive article on the 
Ten-footed Cuttle (Sepia officinalis), published in ‘ The Field’ of 
Sept. 2nd, 1876 (p. 280), accompanied by an excellent figure of 
the species from life, thus describes its movements in the water : 
—‘* Sepia has great command over its fins. When it wishes to 
go straight on it undulates them equally on both sides from the 
front; if it wants to go backwards it does the same thing from 
behind, and hence the fins are separated posteriorly to enable 
them to have independent action. If Sepia requires to remain 
still in mid-water the fins are undulated equally from their four 
corners towards the centre at one time. When it wheels round, 
the fin on the outer side is undulated more than the one on the 
inner side of the circle, to an extent varying according to its 
diameter.* There are several other motions, all of them being, 
however, compounded of those I have named, and all aided and 
governed more or less by the jet of water which intermittently 
issues from the constantly moving funnel. This water enters 
through an orifice situated just behind and below the creature’s 
eyes, one on each side ; and, having aérated the gills below the 
liver, carrying away in its progress all excrementitious matter, it 
is by a valvular apparatus, similar to that of a pump, poured out 
with force through the funnel, which is contracted at its orifice 
to about one-fourth of its basal area, to give it (the water) more 
energy as an auxiliary means of locomotion by producing an 
internal unbalanced pressure, and contrary to the direction of 
the issuing stream. It is curious that, in all natural-history 
books I have seen, I have never met with a correct explanation 
of this siphonal movement of the Cephalopoda. When authors 
do not avoid explaining it, they put the matter wrongly, by 
stating that the retropulsion is effected by the issuing water 
striking against the surrounding water, which of course cannot 
be, as that water is a yielding substance.” 
Fig. 2 we must regard as inaccurately representing the top 
of the head with projecting eyes, the rest of the body and 
* The late Mr. Alder saw Loligo alive, and described it as swimming 
forward by fins, and backwards by its funnel. 
