NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS. 259 
the book by a patient reader, touching the early history of 
domesticated animals, and the introduction of species into 
countries new to them. 
A few extracts will suffice to show the writer’s style, and the 
nature of the information afforded :— 
(P. 112). ‘The mulus (Greek wvxAos) or mule was brought to Italy, 
as the name proves, from Greece. The Latin name was afterwards used 
by all the nations which adopted the animal. In Varro’s time, just as now, 
carts were drawn along the high-roads by mules, which were uot only 
strong, but pleased the eye by their handsome appearance. The Greeks 
were equally delighted with the animal, and Nausicaa’s car is drawn to the 
sea-shore and back by mules.” 
“The goat was used as a domestic animal in the mountainous districts 
of the south, where cultivation more resembled that of gardens than of 
fields. Stony Attica, rich in figs and olives, nourished innumerable goats ; 
and one of the four old Attic phyle was named after the goat. Even if 
the animal came into Europe with the first Aryan immigrants, and 
accordingly the Hellenes and Italians had not to make its acquaintance 
after reaching their arid home, yet it was only there, and under the Semitic 
mode of cultivation there adopted that it found its proper place and 
true use.” 
(P. 259). ‘“Itis probable that Italy first became acquainted with the 
domestic pigeon by means of the Temple at Eryx in Sicily. On that 
mountain, an ancient seat of Phcenician and Carthaginian culture, there 
lived flocks of white and coloured pigeons sacred to the great goddess there 
worshipped, and participating in the festivals celebrated in her honour. 
The Sicilian Greeks, as we infer from the Latin name columba, columbus, 
called the bird when they first saw it kolymbos, kolymba, diver, waterfowl, 
for the wild doves that inhabited the cliffs, the rocks, and the summits of 
high trees were dark in ‘comparison’ with the waterfowl which were dis- 
tinguished by the adjective white. The Greek kolymbos has an analogue 
in the Lithuanian gulbe, and Old Irish gall, swan, meaning the white 
waterfowl....... This semi-domestication of the wild pigeon probably 
existed in very early times, not only in Asia Minor, but in the East in 
general..... From Italy the domestic pigeon overspread Kurope. The 
Celtic names (Old Irish colum, Welsh and Old Cornish colom, Breton 
koulm, klom), as well as the Slavic names (golabi, &c.), were all borrowed 
from the Latin.” 
Besides the domestic fowl and the Pigeon, three other birds 
were brought from Asia to Greece in historic times, “to satisfy 
