260 THE ZOOLOGIST. 
the desire for wider and richer experience excited by higher 
stages of civilisation.” These were the Peacock, Guinea-fowl, 
and Pheasant (p. 264) :— 
“The Greek name for the Peacock taos (which in Attica was quite 
exceptionally pronounced tahos), proves it to have been introduced to the 
Greeks from Semitic Asia. Probably the first place at which peafowl were 
kept on Greek soil was the Hereum of Samos, for the legend of that temple 
makes it the spot where peacocks first originated, and whence they were 
introduced into other countries.” 
The Greeks called the Peacock tawos, tawon, tahos; the 
Romans called it Pavus or Pavo, pavonis. This substitution of a 
p for a t is explained by a supposed difference in Semitic dialects 
(p. 269). In all the European languages the name of the 
Peacock begins with the Latin p, and not with the Greek t, a 
clear proof that the bird was introduced into barbaric Kurope, 
not from Greece or the East, but from the Appenine peninsula. 
The chapter on the Pheasant (pp. 274—276) is short and 
not very satisfactory; although the remarks on the derivation 
of the word tetrao (from the Median and Persian), and its mis- 
application to other species supposed to resemble Pheasants, are 
worth perusing. 
Besides those mentioned, other birds dealt with are the 
Guinea-fowl, Goose, and Duck, with a chapter also on Hawking. 
The Mammalia treated of are the Horse, Ass, Mule, Goat, 
Rabbit, Ferret, Cat, and Buffalo. 
The Birds of Cumberland critically studied: including some 
Notes on the Birds of Westmorland. By the Rev. H. A. 
Macpuerson, M.A., and Wiit1am Duckwortu. 8vo, pp. 206. 
Carlisle: Thurnam & Sons. 1886. 
CoNSIDERING the state of existing literature on the Natural 
History of the two counties above mentioned, a brief sketch of 
which will be found in the Introduction to the present volume, 
Messrs. Macpherson and Duckworth’s account of the Cumbrian 
avifauna has been undertaken none too soon. It would have 
been difficult, perhaps, to effect a more satisfactory literary 
partnership than that which has been arranged; for while 
Mr. Macpherson’s energy as a collector and acquaintance with 
