NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS. 261 
the published observations of his predecessors have enabled him 
to bring together a considerable amount of useful material, Mr. 
Duckworth contributes the results of twenty years’ investigation 
of the Ornithology of his county. In addition to this Mr. Duck- 
worth has paid special attention to such inland breeding species 
as the Dipper and Pied Flycatcher; while Mr. Macpherson has 
made himself more particularly acquainted with such birds as 
frequent the marshes and the coast-line ; although neither author 
apparently has confined his observations to any one group, or to 
any one part of the county. As a result they have prepared a 
list of 250 species, of which 84 are stated to be resident, 81 
periodical migrants, and 85 rare visitants. 
As might be expected from the physical features of the Lake 
District, there are several species of birds which, if not peculiar 
to the two counties mentioned, are at all events characteristic of 
them, and which at the present day are perhaps commoner there 
than in any other part of England. Amongst these may be 
mentioned the Common Buzzard, Peregrine, Merlin, and Raven, 
all of which still breed in the Lake District, although in 
diminished numbers. Along the mountain streams the Dipper 
and Grey Wagtail are commonly to be met with, the former, it is 
said, having increased of late years. The Pied Flycatcher is 
another bird which is said to be more numerous than it used to 
be a few years ago, and the Twite and Lesser Redpoll are 
characteristic moorland species. 
Taking Dr. Heysham’s Catalogue of the Birds of Cumberland 
in Hutchinson’s History of the County (1797) as a standard for 
comparison, Messrs. Macpherson and Duckworth have made 
some interesting additions to it from recent observation and 
correspondence. For example, they tell us that the Chough, 
which is not included in Dr. Heysham’s list, was certainly 
resident in Cumberland during the first half of the present 
century, and, until about the year 1860, used to breed regularly 
at St. Bee’s Head. The Stock Dove .also, about which Dr. 
Heysham was uncertain, is now considered to be resident in 
Cumberland, and to have extended its breeding range con- 
siderably. 
It is of interest to note that a couple of centuries ago the 
Pheasant became exterminated in Westmorland, in consequence 
of the extensive cutting down of woods which then took place, 
