312 THE ZOOLOGIST. 
already that hemoglobin is found in certain tissues, in the 
muscles of mammals and others, and in the nerve-tissue of 
Aphrodite and the Nemertines. We come now to the considera- 
tion of other colouring matters which are deposited in the living 
tissues other than or as well as the blood. 
From the curious green-coloured Gephyrean worm, which is 
known as Bonellia viridis, and which, when adult, lives in hollow 
cavities in rocks where it cannot be bathed by water, a green 
colouring matter can be extracted; this colouring matter is 
called Bonellein, and it is found to be deposited in clusters of 
ereen granules in the skin of the animal’s body; on adding a 
little acid to this green matter it becomes purple. 
If you place a Rosy-feather Star (Antedon rosacea), or such a 
common Sea-urchin as Strongylocentrotus lividus in fresh water 
you will find that the water soon becomes of a reddish-brown 
colour; if you want a larger and better supply you had better 
put the echinoderm into alcohol, which dissolves out the 
colouring matter more completely and rapidly. This colouring 
matter, which has been closely studied by Dr. MacMunn, has 
been called by him Echinochrome; to his admirable papers I 
must refer you for details. Here only can it be said that he 
finds it capable of existing in two stages of oxidation, one 
higher and one lower; resembling hemoglobin in this, it 
doubtless also resembles it in its function of being a respiratory 
agent. 
The very beautiful colouring matter of the stalked Crinoids, 
to which Prof. Moseley has given the name of Pentacrinin, has 
not only different absorption-bands, according as its solution is 
acid or alkaline, but an acid solution is red and an alkaline 
one green. 
In a large number of invertebrate animals, Dr. MacMunn 
has discovered a body which is allied to chlorophyll; as it is 
deposited in the glands connected with the intestine (enteron) 
he has called it Entero-chlorophyll. This substance appears to 
be formed by the animal itself in the glands which, far from 
correctly, are spoken of as the ‘‘liver”’ of the Starfish, the Cray- 
fish, or the Oyster. On this, as on two other colouring matters 
which have been found by the same observer in the tissues of 
both Vertebrates and Invertebrates, viz., myohematin, which is 
found in muscular tissue, and histohematin, we may hope to 
