ANIMAL LIFE IN HIGH LATITUDES. 387 
about the high cliffs above the fishing-station of Henningsvaer, 
about half-way down the eastern face of the Lofoden Islands 
(Vaagé Island). Solitary specimens were seen at a few other 
spots, including the Melfjord, close to the Svartisen Glacier 
(about 67° N. lat). Here a fine Eagle was soaring over the water 
between the mainland and a small island, on which he eventually 
seated himself, apparently entirely disregarded by a flock of six 
or eight Scoters, which were swimming about near the same spot. 
Just as we were leaving the magnificent glacier, the well-known 
ery of the Curlew was heard, and four of these birds, the only 
ones seen on the voyage, flew down to the beach. The Scoter 
was the most abundant of the Duck tribe seen on the fjords, but 
the Hider Duck was far from rare in spots, and two or three 
broods of flappers were met with in one place. A much shyer 
bird, which often occurred singly or in pairs, but never 
near enough to view clearly, appeared to be the Merganser. 
Little Auks and Razorbills were common everywhere. Cor- 
morants and Shags were only seen at comparatively few spots, 
chiefly among the Lofoden Islands. Very few Terns were seen ; 
they appeared rather to haunt the extreme ends of the southern 
fjords than their more open parts or the wilder northern ones. 
The enormous colony of Gulls at the famous Sverholts-klubben 
seemed to consist almost exclusively of the Common Gull, but 
among the cloud which flew up when a gun was fired were visible 
Herring Gulls, Greater Black-backed Gulls, Oystercatchers, and 
Razorbills. Most of the flocks of Gulls seen in the northern 
fjords were attended by a pair of Skuas (Lestris parasitica), the 
majority of which belonged to the completely dark form, the 
pale-breasted variety being much rarer, and indeed only seen 
once or twice. 
Marine INVERTEBRATA. 
At nearly every place at which we landed the littoral marine 
fauna appeared extremely limited; in fact, little was noticed on 
the shore but Gasteropods of the genus Littorina, on the rounded 
stones and dwarf Fucus which usually form the bottom between 
tide-marks. There can, however, be little doubt that this is 
mainly due to the extremely slight tides which occur along the 
greater part of this coast—they are stated to have a rise and fall 
of only one yard in the southern part of Norway (Skagerrack 
coast and west coast to the south of Bergen), and our observations 
