452 THE ZOOLOGIST. 
Var. albida, Jeff.mFeatherstone, (J. W.). Bristles numerous, 
long, and much hooked. 
H. virgata var. carinata, Jeff. — A few intermixed with the 
type on a bank within the town of Pontefract, September, 1886. 
H. caperata var. major, Jeff.— Two specimens attached to 
blades of grass on a pond-side at Milford. They were suspended 
on the grass within a few inches of the water. The usual small 
form of this species is generally found on dry banks. The 
caperata mentioned as being on the wet horse-trough was large. 
Is this supposed major a different species with a preference for 
moisture? Diameter of the Milford specimens, 13 mill. 
H. pulchella. — Occurs numerously on a wall, amongst ivy, 
close to Wentbridge. 
Clausilia rugosa var. albida. — Near Smeaton (J. W.). 
Varieties or aberrant forms seem to keep much together in one 
place when once fairly established. Near Pontefract there is a 
certain spot at which C. rugosa var. albida, Helix virgata var. 
minor (or at least a very small form), H. nemoralis var. olwwacea, 
and H. arbustorum var. cincta may always be found—each in 
its own locality. 
C. laminata var. albida. — One specimen in rotten wood in a 
lane near Fairburn. The shell was in the upright stump of a 
tree—I think beech, but there was no bark. Noticing one or two 
of the type much bleached creeping on the outside of the stump, 
I began to dig with a pocket-knife, and soon turned out from the 
interior several very glossy, brown, unbleached specimens, along 
with the white one. They might have gone in through holes 
made by woodlice or beetle larve, or they might have eaten their 
own way in. The circumstance reminded me of a similar fact 
recorded of Helix lapicida by Jenyns, as follows :—‘‘ Dec. 8th, 
1822. We found a pollard elm this morning pierced in all 
directions by Helia lapicida. On tearing away the bark and 
portions of the wood, great numbers were observed of all sizes. 
The tree was so weakened by their attacks, and so much of its 
substance gone, that a slight wind would have been sufficient to 
overturn it. These animals appear to eat their way along in the 
same manner as woodlice, and will soon devour all the internal 
wood of a tree where they abound. Some of the individuals 
observed in this instance were in a torpid state, and had stopped 
up the mouths of their shells with a bung of sawdust and small 
