1877.] ANATOMY OF THE RUMINANTS. 9 
The generative organs of the Ruminantia present many features of 
interest bearing on classification. These are mainly to be found in 
the shape of the glans penis, the development of Cowper’s glands, 
and the number of cotyledons in the placenta. 
The glans penis is very different in shape in the various genera of 
the Ovidee as well as of the Cervide. In all it is the case that the 
terminal portion of the urethra is extremely small in calibre. 
Figs. 13-15 give views of the lateral, anterior, and inferior surfaces 
Fig. 13. 

Penis of Cervus cashmeerianus, 
of the organ in Cervus cashmeerianus, with which the following 
Species agree in structure—U. elaphus, C. dama, C. aristotelis, C. 
moluccensis, C. kuhlii, C. alfredi, and C. porcinus. In them the 
glans constitutes a cylinder, slightly flattened from side to side, 
about one fourth as deep as it is long, measured from the preputial 
reflection. Its extremity is obtuse, vertically grooved, and slightly 
flattened, the orifice of the urethra appearing on the apex of a 
simple blunt cone about one sixth of an inch in height, the base of 
which is slightly included in the lower termination of the apical 
vertical fold, near its lower or frenal margin. 
In Cervus mexicanus, C. pudu, and C. campestris the arrange- 
ment is somewhat different, the vertical groove being absent, the 
termination of the glans being a blunt cone, with the urethral orifice 
at its apex, as is seen in fig. 16 (p. 10). 
In Capreolus caprea, Cervulus muntjac, and Elaphodus cephalo- 
phus the glans is peculiarly long and slender, at the same time that 
it is nearly eylindrical, with a rounded apex, at the lower part of 
which the urethra opens by a simple orifice. This is seen in fig. 17 
(p. 10) taken from the Roebuck. In Tragelaphus scriptus it is the 
same. 
In Bos taurus the glans is elongated, forming an irregular cylinder, 
smoothly rounded at the apex, the urethra (which has no free 
terminal extension) opening below it at a little distance from the 
extremity in a downward direction. This is seen in fig. 19 (p. 10). 
