1878.] MR. A. H. GARROD ON CARPOPHAGA LATRANS. 103 



in the Gallinse or Auseres, but, as in most Carpophagine birds, is 

 small, and has its muscular- walls comparativaly ill-developed. No 

 stones of any kind were found in it. 



It is the epithelial liuing which is so peculiar in Carpophaga 

 latrans. Instead of being smooth, or folded into plications, as is 

 usually the case, its surface is raised into horny cones which closely 

 resemble in appearance the tubercles for the attachment of the spines 

 of the Echinoderm genus Cidaris. In fig. 1, a, the interior of the 

 gizzard is represented ; fig. 1, b, is a section of one of the cones 

 resting upon the muscular gizzard-wall. 



These conical processes are corneous throughout, are erect, and 

 are quite transparent when cut into sections. There are twenty- 

 Fig. 1. 

 a 



Interior of the gizzard of Carpophaga latrans. 



three of them, large and small, in each of my specimens. The larger 

 cones, which are the more numerous, average seven millimetres in 

 diameter at their bases, their axial length being about four milli- 

 metres ; the smallest cone is four millimetres across and of nearly 

 the same height. 



The cones are arranged, close to one another, in a fairly regular 

 manner upon the two muscle-masses, being distributed in rows of 

 three, counting either transversely or longitudinally. This disposes of 

 eighteen of the twenty-three cones. The remaining five are found 

 on the tendinous intermuscular walls of the organ, in longitudinal 

 rows, two in one row, three in the other. 



A section of any one of the cones demonstrates that it is not 

 in the least ossified, but corneous throughout, and of about the 

 density of ox-horn. It is also seen that the attached surface of 

 the epithelium does not participate in the undulations of the free 

 surface, being quite smooth. Neither does it send any processes into 

 the cones. Between the cones the epithelium is yielding, and only 

 semicorneous. 



A still further exaggeration of this abnormal condition of the 

 epithelium of the gizzard of Carpophaga latrans has been described 



