1878.] MR. H. SAUNDERS ON THE LARIN^E. 179 



examples than I have, there is a slight discrepancy to be explained. 

 He says that the colour of the mantle of L. brachyrhynchus is rather 

 lighter than in L. canus ; my specimens are certainly rather darker 

 than the darkest L. canus. Perhaps this is a slip of the pen, or an 

 inversion of his reference ; otherwise I cannot understand it. I 

 retain this species as it has already been described, because the 

 specimens before me have a general appearance so different from L. 

 canus that they are distinguishable at a glance, although it is rather 

 difficult to define the differences on paper ; but I expect that a larger 

 series will throw light upon the subject. Schlegel's* bird from 

 Japan assigned to this species seems to me to be merely a large L. 

 canus, 



16. Larus audouini, Payr. 



?Larus quadricolor, Scop. Ann. i. Hist. Nat. p. 81. no. 109 (1769). 



Larus audouini, Payraudeau, Ann. Sc. Nat. viii. p. 462 (1826); 

 Temm. PI. Col. livr. 81, pi. 480 (1826); Gould, B. Europe, v. 

 pi. 438(1837) ; Schl. M. P.-Bas, Lari, p. 22(1863); Degl. & Gerbe, 

 Orn. Europ. ii. p. 420 (1867) ; Lilford, Ibis, 1875, p. 31. 



Larus payraudei, Vieill. Faun. Franc. Ois. p. 396 (1828), fide 

 Dee. & Gerbe, loc. cit. 



Gavia audouinii (Payr.), Boie, Isis, 1844, p. 191. 



Glaucus audouini (Payr.), Bruch, J. f. Orn. 18.53, p. 102. 



Gavina audouini (Payr.), Bp. Naum. 1854, p. 212; Consp. Av. 

 ii. p. 222 (1857). 



Laroides audouini (Payr.), Bruch, J. f. Orn. 1855, p, 282 ; Brehm, 

 Naum. 1855, p. 294. 



Hab. Mediterranean, especially about Corsica and Sardinia, and 

 the neighbouring coasts of Italy, the Balearic Islands, and North 

 Afriea. Mr. Gould quotes Natterer (in litt.) as having shot three 

 specimens outside the Straits of Gibraltar, between that place and 

 Tarifa. Lord Lilford found it breeding on the island of Toro, off 

 Sardinia. Canon Tristram's reputed L. audouini from Palestine are 

 all L. canus. 



This Gull is one of the most unmistakable species, owing to its 

 length of wing, dark primaries, lead-coloured or black legs, and, when 

 adult, its cherry-red double-zoned bill. From the description given 

 by Scopoli of his L. quadricolor it is probable that it is this species ; 

 but in the absence of certainty it is undesirable to use that name, 



17. Larus marinus, Linn. 



Larus marinus, Linn. Svst. Nat. i. p. 225 (1/66); O. Fabr. 

 Faun. Grcenl. p. 102 (1780) ; Meyer, Tasch. Vog. Deutschl. pi. ii. 

 p. 465; Temm. Man. d'Orn. p. 490 (1815); Macgill. M. Wern. 

 Soc. vol. v. p. 255 (1824); Schlegel, M. Pays-Bas, Lari, p. 10 

 (1863); Sharpe and Dresser, B. of Eur. pt. xv. (1872); Cones, B. 

 of North-West (America), p. 624 (1874); Swinhoe, Ibis, 1874, 

 p. 165 (Japan) ; Reid, Zoologist, 1877, p. 489 (Bermudas). 



Larus ncevius, Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 225 (1766). 



12* 



